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  2. Thermometric titration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermometric_titration

    It is fast, highly precise, and results agree very well with those obtained by the official AOAC method. The temperature change for the titration of very weak acids such as oleic acid by 0.1 mol/L KOH in propan-2-ol is too small to yield an accurate endpoint. In this procedure, a small amount of paraformaldehyde as a fine powder is added to the ...

  3. Instrumentation in petrochemical industries - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumentation_in...

    This measured temperature is fed to the temperature controller (TIC) where it is compared to the desired set point temperature. The output of the controller, which is related to the difference between the measured variable and the set point, is fed to a control valve (TCV) in the second fluid to adjust the flow of the heating or cooling medium ...

  4. Temperature measurement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature_measurement

    Temperature increase causes the fluid to expand, so the temperature can be determined by measuring the volume of the fluid. Such thermometers are usually calibrated so that one can read the temperature simply by observing the level of the fluid in the thermometer.

  5. Resistance thermometer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistance_thermometer

    The material has an accurate resistance/temperature relationship which is used to provide an indication of temperature. As RTD elements are fragile, they are often housed in protective probes. RTDs, which have higher accuracy and repeatability, [a] are slowly replacing thermocouples in industrial applications below 600 °C. [1]

  6. Calibration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calibration

    The formal definition of calibration by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) is the following: "Operation that, under specified conditions, in a first step, establishes a relation between the quantity values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties (of the calibrated instrument or ...

  7. Analytical quality control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytical_quality_control

    A check should first be done to ensure that the data should be seen is precise and accurate. Next, systematic daily checks such as analysing blanks, calibration standards, quality control check samples, and references must be performed to establish the reproducibility of the data.

  8. Thermometer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermometer

    Other fixed points used in the past are the body temperature (of a healthy adult male) which was originally used by Fahrenheit as his upper fixed point (96 °F (35.6 °C) to be a number divisible by 12) and the lowest temperature given by a mixture of salt and ice, which was originally the definition of 0 °F (−17.8 °C). [37]

  9. Temperature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature

    Temperature determines the statistical occupation of the microstates of the ensemble. The microscopic definition of temperature is only meaningful in the thermodynamic limit, meaning for large ensembles of states or particles, to fulfill the requirements of the statistical model. Kinetic energy is also considered as a component of thermal energy.