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Postpartum depression (PPD), also called perinatal depression, is a mood disorder which may be experienced by pregnant or postpartum individuals. [3] Symptoms include extreme sadness, low energy, anxiety, crying episodes, irritability, and changes in sleeping or eating patterns. [1]
Recently he published an updated review on the quality of life in breast cancer patients [14] and a systematic review of qualitative studies on the topic. [15] 2. Guideline for reporting bibliometric reviews (analysis): He and his colleagues developed a guideline for reporting bibliometric reviews, namely the BIBLIO. [16]
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Tatano Beck investigated the impact of COVID-19 on women giving birth and the beginning of the postpartum period through the gathering of both quantitative and qualitative data. [9] She also co-authored a paper studying the experience of nurses during the pandemic. [10]
Studies indicate mothers with postpartum depression breastfeed their infant with lower frequency. [3] Breastfeeding is an intimate activity with requires sustained mother-child physical contact and new mothers with symptoms of depression, including increased anxiety and tendency to avoid their child, are less likely to breastfeed their child. [ 3 ]
The DSM-5, though—the “bible” of psychiatric conditions—lists PPD, for example, as depression with “peripartum onset,” meaning in pregnancy or the first four weeks postpartum.
A meta-analysis of 43 studies involving 28,004 participants on prenatal and postpartum depression in fathers published in 2010 found that the peak incidence of depression (25.6%) in fathers occurred between 3 and 6 months after the child's birth, though 10.4% of fathers were found to be depressed even prenatally.
Evolutionary approaches to postpartum depression offer frameworks that can be informative, even given these variations in rates of postpartum depression. Because evolutionary medicine explores causality and treatment from the perspective of universal human biology and psychology, these approaches may bring to light new perspectives on causes ...
Studies have determined that there may be a connection between antenatal and postpartum depression in women with lower vitamin D levels. [19] There is a higher risk of antenatal depression in woman living in low-income countries who deal with less access to quality healthcare, have economic issues, and don't have a good support system. [20]