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The Shinto Directive was an order issued in 1945 [1] to the Japanese government by Occupation authorities to abolish state support for the Shinto religion. This unofficial "State Shinto" was thought by Allies to have been a major contributor to Japan's nationalistic and militant culture that led to World War II.
The shrine enshrines and, according to Shinto beliefs, provides a permanent residence for the spirits of those who have fought on behalf of the emperor, regardless of whether they died in combat. 1,066 of the enshrined kami were POWs convicted of some level of war crime after World War II and a further two were charged with war crimes but died before their trials were completed.
After Japan surrendered at the end of World War II in 1945, the GHQ issued a Shinto directive during the occupation policy and dismantled the state Shinto system.Shinto was declared the root of nationalistic ideology by the GHQ, and in February 1946, all laws related to the administration of Shinto shrines since the Meiji era were abolished. [203]
The Empire of Japan at its peak territorial holdings, in 1942 Hirohara Jinja's shamusho remains as the last Shinto shrine structure still intact in Southeast Asia after World War II. As the Japanese extended their territorial holdings, shrines were constructed with the purpose of hosting Japanese kami in occupied lands.
Yasukuni Shrine (靖国神社 or 靖國神社, Yasukuni Jinja, lit. ' Peaceful Country Shrine ') is a Shinto shrine located in Chiyoda, Tokyo.It was founded by Emperor Meiji in June 1869 and commemorates those who died in service of Japan, from the Boshin War of 1868–1869, to the two Sino-Japanese Wars, 1894–1895 and 1937–1945 respectively, and the First Indochina War of 1946–1954 ...
Following Japan's defeat in World War II, Shinto was formally separated from the state. Shinto is primarily found in Japan, where there are around 100,000 public shrines, although practitioners are also found abroad. Numerically, it is Japan's largest religion, the second being Buddhism.
Shrine Shinto is a form of the Shinto religion. [1] It has two main varieties: State Shinto, a pre-World War II variant, and another centered on Shinto shrines after World War II, in which ritual rites are the center of belief, conducted by an organization of clergy. [2] [1] Today, the term Shinto usually refers to Shrine Shinto.
Following the end of World War II, the State Shinto machine was mostly disassembled, and Japan saw the rise of many new religions, the most popular one being Soka Gakkai, which is rooted in ideas from the indigenous Japanese Nichiren school of Buddhism.