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Calcium channel blockers (CCB), calcium channel antagonists or calcium antagonists [2] are a group of medications that disrupt the movement of calcium (Ca 2+ ) through calcium channels . [ 3 ] Calcium channel blockers are used as antihypertensive drugs , i.e., as medications to decrease blood pressure in patients with hypertension .
Class IV agents are slow non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers. They decrease conduction through the AV node , and shorten phase two (the plateau) of the cardiac action potential . They thus reduce the contractility of the heart, so may be inappropriate in heart failure.
It is a potent and mild vasodilator of coronary and peripheral vessels, respectively, [29] which reduces peripheral resistance and afterload, though not as potent as the dihydropyridine (DHP) calcium channel blockers. This results in minimal reflexive sympathetic changes. [citation needed]
The 8th Joint National Committee (JNC-8) recommends calcium channel blockers to be a first-line treatment either as monotherapy or in combination with thiazide-type diuretics, ACEis, or ARBs for all patients regardless of age or race. [7] The ratio of CCBs' anti-proteinuria effect, non-dihydropyridine to dihydropyridine was 30 to −2. [13]
Class III antiarrhymics act as potassium channel blockers, while Class IV antiarrhymics are non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers. While the effects of these drugs may be antiarrhymic, they can also be proarrhymic in other contexts.
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Activated charcoal is recommended if it can be given within an hour or two of taking the calcium channel blockers. [1] In those who have taken an extended release formulation of a CCB but are otherwise doing fine, whole bowel irrigation with polyethylene glycol may be useful. [1] Causing vomiting by the use of medications such as ipecac is not ...
In cardiac pharmacology, calcium channel blockers are considered class-IV antiarrhythmic agents. Since calcium channels are especially concentrated in the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes , these agents can be used to decrease impulse conduction through the AV node, thus protecting the ventricles from atrial tachyarrhythmias .