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Ashkharbek Kalantar, Materials on Armenian and Urartian History (with a contribution by Mirjo Salvini), Civilisations du Proche-Orient: Series 4 – Hors Série, Neuchâtel, Paris, 2004; ISBN 978-2-940032-14-3; Boris B. Piotrovsky, The Ancient Civilization of Urartu (translated from Russian by James Hogarth), New York:Cowles Book Company, 1969.
Urartian cuneiform inscription at the Erebuni Museum (Yerevan). Urartian or Vannic [17] is an extinct Hurro-Urartian language which was spoken by the inhabitants of the ancient kingdom of Urartu (Biaini or Biainili in Urartian), (it was also called Nairi), which was centered on the region around Lake Van and had its capital, Tushpa, near the site of the modern town of Van in the Armenian ...
Argištiḫinili (Urartian: ar-gi-iš-ti-ḫi-ni-li) was a town in the ancient kingdom of Urartu, established during the expansion of the Urartians in the Transcaucasus under their king Argishti I, and named in his honour. It lasted between the 8th and 6th centuries BC.
The border of Europe and Asia is here defined as from the Kara Sea, along the Ural Mountains and Ural River to the Caspian Sea.While the crest of the Caucasus Mountains is the geographical border with Asia in the south, Georgia, and to a lesser extent Armenia and Azerbaijan, are politically and culturally often associated with Europe; rivers in these countries are therefore included.
All or almost all rivers in Europe have alternative names in different languages. Some rivers have also undergone name changes for political or other reasons. This article provides known alternative names for all major European rivers.
Attempt to reconstruct the fortress of Teishebaini. Architecture of Urartu was a method of constructing and creating spatial structures characteristic of Urartian culture, an Iron Age civilization in Anatolia, west Asia, encompassing the organization of space used by the inhabitants of Urartu, as well as the planning of cities, settlements, and individual buildings.
Menua (Urartian: m Me-i-nu-a [variations exist]), [1] also rendered Meinua or Minua, was the fifth known king of Urartu from c. 810 BC to approximately 786 BC. In Armenian, Menua is rendered as Menua. The name Menua may be connected etymologically to the Ancient Greek names Minos and Minyas. [2] [3]
Modern reproductions of the ancient wall-paintings at Erebuni Fortress. Erebuni was founded by Urartian King Argishti I (r. c. 785 –753 BC) in 782 BC. [4] It was built on top of a hill called Arin Berd overlooking the Aras River Valley to serve as a military stronghold to protect the kingdom's northern borders. [5]