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A bar chart or bar graph is a chart or graph that presents categorical data with rectangular bars with heights or lengths proportional to the values that they represent. The bars can be plotted vertically or horizontally. A vertical bar chart is sometimes called a column chart and has been identified as the prototype of charts. [1]
The same dataset plotted in three charts: Top panel is a bar chart depicting the flow of occurrences over time (resembles the Sankey diagram in the New York Times original [33]). Middle panel is a bubble chart that separately quantifies discrete outcomes.
Statistical graphics have been central to the development of science and date to the earliest attempts to analyse data. Many familiar forms, including bivariate plots, statistical maps, bar charts, and coordinate paper were used in the 18th century. Statistical graphics developed through attention to four problems: [3]
A chart (sometimes known as a graph) is a graphical representation for data visualization, in which "the data is represented by symbols, such as bars in a bar chart, lines in a line chart, or slices in a pie chart". [1] A chart can represent tabular numeric data, functions or some kinds of quality structure and provides different info.
A bar chart may be used to show the comparison across the salespersons. [52] Part-to-whole: Categorical subdivisions are measured as a ratio to the whole (i.e., a percentage out of 100%). A pie chart or bar chart can show the comparison of ratios, such as the market share represented by competitors in a market. [53]
Livegap Charts creates line, bar, spider, polar-area and pie charts, and can export them as images without needing to download any tools. Veusz is a free scientific graphing tool that can produce 2D and 3D plots. Users can use it as a module in Python. GeoGebra is open-source graphing calculator and is freely available for non-commercial users.
The usage of percentages as labels on a pie chart can be misleading when the sample size is small. [8] Making a pie chart 3D or adding a slant will make interpretation difficult due to distorted effect of perspective. [9] Bar-charted pie graphs in which the height of the slices is varied may confuse the reader. [9]
To represent the economy of 18th century England, Playfair used statistical graphs, bar charts, line graphs, area charts, and histograms. In his work, Statistical Breviary, he is credited with introducing the first pie chart. [10] [11] [12] Around 1820, modern geography was established by Carl Ritter. [13]