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The uterus (from Latin uterus, pl.: uteri or uteruses) or womb (/ w uː m /) is the organ in the reproductive system of most female mammals, including humans, that accommodates the embryonic and fetal development of one or more fertilized eggs until birth. [1]
The uterus or womb is the major female reproductive organ. The uterus provides mechanical protection, nutritional support, and waste removal for the developing embryo (weeks 1 to 8) and fetus (from week 9 until the delivery). In addition, contractions in the muscular wall of the uterus are important in pushing out the fetus at the time of birth.
Hormones produced by the ovaries prepare the uterus to receive the ovum. The lining of the uterus, called the endometrium, and unfertilized ova are shed each cycle through the process of menstruation. If the ova is fertilized by sperm, it attaches to the endometrium and the fetus develops. [3]
Leonardo mistakenly depicted the cotyledons in the vascular walls of the human uterus that he had previously found in a cow uterus. [3] The other study, measuring 30.3×22 cm, shows female external genitalia , the supposed arrangement of abdominal muscles on the top right and fetus from different angles.
The fetus obtains oxygen and nutrients from the mother through the placenta and the umbilical cord. [25] Blood from the placenta is carried to the fetus by the umbilical vein. About half of this enters the fetal ductus venosus and is carried to the inferior vena cava, while the other half enters the liver proper from the inferior border of the ...
Diagrams to show the development of male and female generative organs from a common type. A.—Diagram of the primitive urogenital organs in the embryo previous to sexual distinction. 3. Ureter. 4. Urinary bladder. 5. Urachus. cl. Cloaca. cp. Elevation which becomes clitoris or penis. i. Lower part of the intestine. ls.
The amniotic sac and its filling provide a liquid that surrounds and cushions the fetus. It is a site of exchange of essential substances, such as oxygen, between the umbilical cord and the fetus. [9] It allows the fetus to move freely within the walls of the uterus. [citation needed] Buoyancy is also provided.
The fetal membranes separate maternal tissue from fetal tissue at a basic mechanical level. The fetal membrane is composed of a thick cellular chorion covering a thin amnion composed of dense collagen fibrils. The amnion is in contact with the amniotic fluid and ensures structural integrity of the sac due to its mechanical strength.