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Orthography refers to the correct spelling of a language. [1] The Hawaiian language uses two special diacritic marks in its orthography not used in English.. The kahakō is the Hawaiian term for the macron, a small sign added to a letter to alter pronunciation or to distinguish between similar words.
Although "Hawaii" is the anglicized spelling used throughout the rest of the United States of America, Hawai'i, spelled with an okina between the Is, is the spelling used by most local Hawaiian people. An apostrophe is commonly used in the place of an okina, due to the lack of the symbol on most keyboards.
Where the English and Hawaiian names are the same or very nearly the same, but the English and Hawaiian spellings differ, use the English spelling. Example 1: Hawaii, not Hawaiʻi. Example 2: Lihue, not Līhuʻe. Where the English and Irish names are different, and the English name remains the predominant usage in English, use the English name.
Diacritics were not used because the document, drafted in 1949, [27] predates the use of the ʻokina ʻ and the kahakō in modern Hawaiian orthography. The exact spelling of the state's name in the Hawaiian language is Hawaiʻi. [f] In the Hawaii Admission Act that granted Hawaiian statehood, the federal government used Hawaii as the state name.
Hawaiian is a predominantly verb–subject–object language. However, word order is flexible, and the emphatic word can be placed first in the sentence. [1]: p28 Hawaiian largely avoids subordinate clauses, [1]: p.27 and often uses a possessive construction instead.
For examples of the ʻokina, consider the Hawaiian words Hawaiʻi and Oʻahu (often simply Hawaii and Oahu in English orthography). In Hawaiian, these words are pronounced [hʌˈʋʌi.ʔi] and [oˈʔʌ.hu], and are written with an ʻokina where the glottal stop is pronounced. [86] [87] Elbert & Pukui's Hawaiian Grammar says "The glottal stop ...
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The current official Hawaiian alphabet consists of 13 letters: five vowels (A a, E e, I i, O o, and U u) and eight consonants (H h, K k, L l, M m, N n, P p, W w, and ʻ). [2] Alphabetic order differs from the normal Latin order in that the vowels come first, then the consonants.