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San Francisco Bay and the Golden Gate Bridge, looking southeast towards the City and East Bay. Alcatraz is the small islet in the upper-middle left. San Francisco Bay's profile changed dramatically in the late 19th century and again with the initiation of dredging by the US Army Corps of Engineers in the 20th century. Before about 1860, most ...
The largest bodies of water in the Bay Area are the San Francisco Bay, San Pablo Bay, and Suisun Bay.The San Francisco Bay is one of the largest bays in the world. Many inlets on the edges of the three major bays are designated as bays in their own right, such as Richardson Bay, San Rafael Bay, Grizzly Bay, and San Leandro Bay.
Alameda Creek is the largest watershed within the southern San Francisco Bay, draining 700 square miles (1,813 square kilometers), or about 20% of the total drainage area for the South Bay. [12] Two-thirds of the watershed is in Alameda County including the reach through the Sunol Valley , the rest is in Santa Clara County .
A 2020 report stated that with continued high greenhouse gas emissions, San Francisco could see as much as 7 feet of sea level rise by 2100. Protecting communities from that rise could cost as ...
Water diverted at O'Shaughnessy Dam feeds into the Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct, which provides 85 percent of the municipal water for 2.4 million people in the San Francisco Bay Area. [50] The firm water yield is 265,000 acre-feet (0.327 km 3) per year, or 237 million gallons (895,000 m 3) per day. [51]
San Francisco Estuary. The San Francisco Estuary together with the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta represents a highly altered ecosystem.The region has been heavily re-engineered to accommodate the needs of water delivery, shipping, agriculture, and most recently, suburban development.
The lake's water level had been shrinking for decades, endangering the historic role of Lake Merced to support a healthy ecosystem. [8] Due to better management of the aquifer and occasional additions of water, lake level has been rising since 1990. [9] The only natural freshwater lakes in San Francisco are Pine Lake, Lake Merced, and Mountain ...
The dam and reservoir are the centerpiece of the Hetch Hetchy Project, which in 1934 began to deliver water 167 miles (269 km) west to San Francisco and its client municipalities in the greater San Francisco Bay Area.