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The 825x chips, or an equivalent circuit embedded in a larger chip, are found in all IBM PC compatibles and Soviet computers like the Vector-06C. In PC compatibles, Timer Channel 0 is assigned to IRQ-0 (the highest priority hardware interrupt). Timer Channel 1 is assigned to DRAM refresh (at least in early models before the 80386).
The Intel 8253 PIT was the original timing device used on IBM PC compatibles.It used a 1.193182 MHz clock signal (one third of the color burst frequency used by NTSC, one twelfth of the system clock crystal oscillator, [1] therefore one quarter of the 4.77 MHz CPU clock) and contains three timers.
Read 64-bit Time Stamp Counter (TSC) into EDX:EAX. [l] In early processors, the TSC was a cycle counter, incrementing by 1 for each clock cycle (which could cause its rate to vary on processors that could change clock speed at runtime) – in later processors, it increments at a fixed rate that doesn't necessarily match the CPU clock speed. [m]
A basic installation of IBM 7030 Stretch had a cost at the time of US$7.78 million each. The IBM 7030 Stretch performs one floating-point multiply every 2.4 microseconds. [78] Second-generation (transistor-based) computer. 1984 $18,750,000 $54,988,789 Cray X-MP/48 $15,000,000 / 0.8 GFLOPS. Third-generation (integrated circuit-based) computer. 1997
The 8086 [3] (also called iAPX 86) [4] is a 16-bit microprocessor chip designed by Intel between early 1976 and June 8, 1978, when it was released. The Intel 8088, released July 1, 1979, [5] is a slightly modified chip with an external 8-bit data bus (allowing the use of cheaper and fewer supporting ICs), [note 1] and is notable as the processor used in the original IBM PC design.
Intel A80386DX-20 CPU die image. The Intel 386, originally released as the 80386 and later renamed i386, was the first x86 32-bit microprocessor designed by Intel.Pre-production samples of the 386 were released to select developers in 1985, while mass production commenced in 1986.
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The 80386 had an optional floating-point coprocessor, the 80387; it had eight 80-bit wide registers: st(0) to st(7), [33] like the 8087 and 80287. The 80386 could also use an 80287 coprocessor. [34] With the 80486 and all subsequent x86 models, the floating-point processing unit (FPU) is integrated on-chip.
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