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The basic GD&T symbol for surface roughness. Surface roughness or simply roughness is the quality of a surface of not being smooth and it is hence linked to human perception of the surface texture. From a mathematical perspective it is related to the spatial variability structure of surfaces, and inherently it is a multiscale property.
Roughness progression for a road in Texas, US. Blue dots show the times of maintenance. The international roughness index (IRI) is the roughness index most commonly obtained from measured longitudinal road profiles. It is calculated using a quarter-car vehicle math model, whose response is accumulated to yield a roughness index with units of ...
Surface metrology is the measurement of small-scale features on surfaces, and is a branch of metrology. Surface primary form, surface fractality, and surface finish (including surface roughness) are the parameters most commonly associated with the field. It is important to many disciplines and is mostly known for the machining of precision ...
Roughness length is a parameter used in modeling the horizontal mean wind speed near the ground. In wind vertical profile such the log wind profile , the roughness length (with dimension of length and SI unit of metres) is equivalent to the height at which the wind speed theoretically becomes zero in the absence of wind-slowing obstacles and ...
In engineering, the Moody chart or Moody diagram (also Stanton diagram) is a graph in non-dimensional form that relates the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor f D, Reynolds number Re, and surface roughness for fully developed flow in a circular pipe. It can be used to predict pressure drop or flow rate down such a pipe.
Most of the world's surface finish standards are written for contact profilometers. To follow the prescribed methodology, this type of profilometer is often required. Contacting the surface is often an advantage in dirty environments where non-contact methods can end up measuring surface contaminants instead of the surface itself.
There are several parameters for expressing waviness height, the most common being Wa & Wt, for average waviness and total waviness, respectively. [3] In the lateral direction along the surface, the waviness spacing, Wsm, is another parameter that describes the mean spacing between periodic waviness peaks. There are numerous measurement ...
Under 25178, industry-specific taxonomies such as roughness vs waviness are replaced by the more general concept of "scale limited surface" and "cut-off" by "nesting index". The new available filters are described in the series of technical specifications included in ISO 16610 .