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The optic nerve can be damaged when exposed to direct or indirect injury. Direct optic nerve injuries are caused by trauma to the head or orbit that crosses normal tissue planes and disrupts the anatomy and function of the optic nerve; e.g., a bullet or forceps that physically injures the optic nerve.
Toxic optic neuropathy is treated by identification and removal of the offending agent. Depending upon the individual affected, the nature of the agent, total exposure prior to removal, and degree of vision loss at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis is variable. Nutritional optic neuropathy is treated with improved nutrition.
The exact mechanism of optic nerve ischemia in these cases remains unclear, but contributing factors may include hypotension, anemia, hypoxia, and changes in the autoregulation of optic nerve arterial blood flow. The incidence of ischemic optic neuropathy leading to vision loss following general surgeries ranges between 0.1% and 0.002%.
Cupping of the optic disc was found in 89% of DOA patients in at least one of their eyes. [ 6 ] With loss of the central visual fields, there is impairment of color vision in addition to loss of visual acuity varying from mild to severe, typically ranging from 6/6 (in meters, equivalent to 20/20, ft) to 6/60 (20/200, ft) with a median value of ...
A chest X-ray or CT scan should be ordered if granulomatous optic neuropathy caused by sarcoidosis is suspected. [ 3 ] Magnetic resonance imaging can capture optic nerve inflammation, but this finding is not present in all patients, [ 1 ] [ 3 ] [ 13 ] Diffusion tensor imaging has been shown to detect widespread white matter abnormalities in ...
The visual prognosis in optic nerve hypoplasia is quite variable. Occasionally, optic nerve hypoplasia may be compatible with near-normal vision; in other cases, one or both eyes may be functionally, or legally blind. Although most patients with only optic nerve involvement lead normally productive lives, those with accompanying endocrine ...
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Optic neuritis is an inflammation that damages the optic nerve. It’s linked to multiple sclerosis (MS). Along with flickering or flashing with eye movement, symptoms include pain, loss of colour perception, and vision loss.
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