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This period also saw the eclipse of Florence's formerly powerful rival Pisa, which was defeated by Genoa in 1284 and subjugated by Florence in 1406. [5] Power shifted from the aristocracy to the mercantile elite and members of organized guilds after an anti-aristocratic movement, led by Giano della Bella, enacted the Ordinances of Justice in 1293.
Its coin, the florin, was the dominant trade coin of Western Europe for large scale transactions and became widely imitated throughout the continent. [4] [5] During the Republican period, Florence was also the birthplace of the Renaissance, which is considered a fervent period of European cultural, artistic, political and economic "rebirth". [6]
In 2013, Florence was listed as the second best world city by Condé Nast Traveler. [56] Manufacturing and commerce remain highly important. Florence is Italy's 17th richest city in terms of average workers' earnings, with the figure being €23,265 (the overall city's income is €6,531,204,473), coming after Mantua, yet surpassing Bolzano. [57]
Being the Duchess of Florence, Eleonora would take her husbands place in governing while he was away handling situations regarding war or diplomacy. She borrowed money from the state in both her name and jointly with Cosimo, confirming that Eleonora's money was extremely paramount regarding how the city-state of Florence became so successful. [5]
The Great Council of Venice, the Gherardinis of Florence became members of the Venetian patriciate in 1652. The family took part in Florence's political life between 1100 and 1300. In 1300, they were exiled from the city when Florence began its transformation into a Signoria, later ruled by the Medicis.
The House of Bardi was an influential Florentine family that started the powerful banking company Compagnia dei Bardi.In the 14th century the Bardis lent Edward III of England 900,000 gold florins, a debt which he failed to repay along with 600,000 florins borrowed from the Peruzzi family, leading to the collapse of both families' banks.
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The Signoria of Florence (Italian: "lordship") was the government of the medieval and Renaissance Republic of Florence, [1] between 1250 and 1532. Its nine members, the Priori, were chosen from the ranks of the guilds of the city: six of them from the major guilds, and two from the minor guilds. The ninth became the Gonfaloniere of Justice. [2]