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Following the successful synthesis of ruby, Verneuil focused his efforts on sapphire. Synthesis of blue sapphire came in 1909, after chemical analyses of sapphire suggested to Verneuil that iron and titanium were the cause of the blue color. Verneuil patented the process of producing synthetic blue sapphire in 1911. [49] [5]: 254–255
Sapphire is a saturated shade of blue, referring to the gemstone of the same name. Sapphire gems most commonly occur in a range of blue shades , although they can come in many different colors. Other names for variations of the color sapphire are blue sapphire or sapphire blue , shown below.
The Logan Sapphire brooch, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. The Logan Sapphire is a 422.98-carat (84.596 g) sapphire from Sri Lanka.One of the largest blue faceted sapphires in the world, it was owned by Victor Sassoon and then purchased by M. Robert Guggenheim as a gift for his wife, Rebecca Pollard Guggenheim, who donated the sapphire to the Smithsonian Institution in 1960.
It is typically blue, but natural "fancy" sapphires also occur in yellow, purple, orange, and green colors; "parti sapphires" show two or more colors. The only color corundum stone that the term sapphire is not used for is red, which is called a ruby. [1] Pink colored corundum may be either classified as ruby or sapphire depending on locale.
A 0.43-carat (0.086 g) teardrop-shaped cornflower blue Yogo sapphire. Sapphires are a color variety of corundum, a crystalline form of aluminium oxide (Al 2 O 3). [14] Corundum is one of the hardest minerals, rating 9 on the Mohs scale. [15] Corundum gems of most colors are called sapphires, except for red ones, which are called rubies. [16]
Citrine “A powerful gemstone crystal in a range of deep yellows, oranges, and yellow-cream-white, the citrine gemstone is said to bring abundance and wealth into one’s life,” Salzer says.
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