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Drafting pantograph in use Pantograph used for scaling a picture. The red shape is traced and enlarged. Pantograph 3d rendering. A pantograph (from Greek παντ- 'all, every' and γραφ- 'to write', from their original use for copying writing) is a mechanical linkage connected in a manner based on parallelograms so that the movement of one pen, in tracing an image, produces identical ...
Originally an ellipsograph. As a mechanism, it uses the fact that a circle and a straight line are special cases of an ellipse. It is based on much the same kinematic principle as Cardan's straight line mechanism (above) and could be considered as a spur gear with two teeth in a ring gear with four teeth. It has been used in the Baker-Cross ...
A pantograph connected to a pencil produced within a few minutes a "grand trait", a contour line on a piece of paper. With the help of a second scaling-down pantograph, the basic features of the portrait were transferred from the sheet in the form of dotted lines to a copper plate, which had previously been prepared with a ground for etching.
The diamond-shaped, electric-rod pantograph of the Swiss cogwheel locomotive of the Schynige Platte railway in Schynige Platte, built in 1911 Cross-arm pantograph of a Toshiba EMU. A pantograph (or "pan" or "panto") is an apparatus mounted on the roof of an electric train, tram or electric bus [1] to collect power through contact with an ...
Physical chemistry, in contrast to chemical physics, is predominantly (but not always) a supra-molecular science, as the majority of the principles on which it was founded relate to the bulk rather than the molecular or atomic structure alone (for example, chemical equilibrium and colloids).
Biophysical chemistry is a physical science that uses the concepts of physics and physical chemistry for the study of biological systems. [1] The most common feature of the research in this subject is to seek an explanation of the various phenomena in biological systems in terms of either the molecules that make up the system or the supra-molecular structure of these systems. [2]
The work of Lynn Sousa in the late 1970s, on the detection of alkali metal ions, possibly resulting in one of the first examples of the use of supramolecular chemistry in fluorescent sensing design, [35] as well as that of J.-M. Lehn, H. Bouas-Laurent and co-workers at Université Bordeaux I, France. [36]
An example of an RRPR, or inverted slider-crank, linkage. Planar four-bar linkages are constructed from four links connected in a loop by four one- degree-of-freedom joints. A joint may be either a revolute joint – also known as a pin joint or hinged joint – denoted by R, or a prismatic joint – also known as a sliding pair – denoted by ...