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In organic chemistry, an amino sugar is a sugar molecule in which a hydroxyl group has been replaced with an amine group. More than 60 amino sugars are known, with one of the most abundant being N -acetyl- D -glucosamine (a 2-amino-2-deoxysugar ), which is the main component of chitin .
The N-terminal amino group of a polypeptide can be modified covalently, e.g., Fig. 1 N-terminal acetylation. acetylation (=) The positive charge on the N-terminal amino group may be eliminated by changing it to an acetyl group (N-terminal blocking). formylation (=)
Each protein has its own unique amino acid sequence that is specified by the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding this protein. The genetic code is a set of three-nucleotide sets called codons and each three-nucleotide combination designates an amino acid, for example AUG (adenine–uracil–guanine) is the code for methionine.
Glucosamine (C 6 H 13 NO 5) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids. Glucosamine is part of the structure of two polysaccharides, chitosan and chitin. Glucosamine is one of the most abundant monosaccharides. [2]
Degradation of an amino acid often involves deamination by moving its amino group to α-ketoglutarate, forming glutamate. This process involves transaminases, often the same as those used in amination during synthesis. In many vertebrates, the amino group is then removed through the urea cycle and is excreted in the form of urea.
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Glycosaminoglycans [1] (GAGs) or mucopolysaccharides [2] are long, linear polysaccharides consisting of repeating disaccharide units (i.e. two-sugar units). The repeating two-sugar unit consists of a uronic sugar and an amino sugar , except in the case of the sulfated glycosaminoglycan keratan , where, in place of the uronic sugar there is a ...