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Phase-shift keying (PSK) is a digital modulation process which conveys data by changing (modulating) the phase of a constant frequency carrier wave. The modulation is accomplished by varying the sine and cosine inputs at a precise time.
Amplitude and phase-shift keying (APSK) is a digital modulation scheme that conveys data by modulating both the amplitude and the phase of a carrier wave. In other words, it combines both amplitude-shift keying (ASK) and phase-shift keying (PSK).
When a digital signal is to be transmitted over an analogue baseband channel, the modulation technique is termed line coding. Several keying techniques exist, including phase-shift keying, frequency-shift keying, and amplitude-shift keying. Bluetooth, for example, uses phase-shift keying to exchange information between devices.
Phase modulation (PM) is a modulation pattern for conditioning communication signals for transmission. It encodes a message signal as variations in the instantaneous phase of a carrier wave . Phase modulation is one of the two principal forms of angle modulation , together with frequency modulation .
The most fundamental digital modulation techniques are based on keying: PSK (phase-shift keying): a finite number of phases are used. FSK (frequency-shift keying): a finite number of frequencies are used. ASK (amplitude-shift keying): a finite number of amplitudes are used.
In digital modulation, minimum-shift keying (MSK) is a type of continuous-phase frequency-shift keying that was developed in the late 1950s by Collins Radio employees Melvin L. Doelz and Earl T. Heald. [1] Similar to OQPSK, MSK is encoded with bits alternating between quadrature components, with the Q component delayed by half the symbol period.
Each symbol is encoded as a different phase shift of the carrier sine wave: 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°, 225°, 270°, 315°. A constellation diagram is a representation of a signal modulated by a digital modulation scheme such as quadrature amplitude modulation or phase-shift keying. [1]
The common types of modulation that may be used with differential coding include phase-shift keying and quadrature amplitude modulation.