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A typical operon. In genetics, an operon is a functioning unit of DNA containing a cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter. [1] The genes are transcribed together into an mRNA strand and either translated together in the cytoplasm, or undergo splicing to create monocistronic mRNAs that are translated separately, i.e. several strands of mRNA that each encode a single gene product.
Gene conversion is the only method in which gene clusters may become homogenized. Although the size of a gene cluster may vary, it rarely comprises more than 50 genes, making clusters stable in number. Gene clusters change over a long evolutionary time period, which does not result in genetic complexity. [10]
The origin and evolution of metabolic gene clusters have been debated since the 1990s. [11] [12] It has since been demonstrated that metabolic gene clusters can arise in a genome by genome rearrangement, gene duplication, or horizontal gene transfer, [13] and some metabolic clusters have evolved convergently in multiple species. [14]
The L-arabinose operon, also called the ara or araBAD operon, is an operon required for the breakdown of the five-carbon sugar L-arabinose in Escherichia coli. [1] The L-arabinose operon contains three structural genes: araB, araA, araD (collectively known as araBAD), which encode for three metabolic enzymes that are required for the metabolism of L-arabinose. [2]
A conserved operon in three bacterial genomes (here: genes involved in Tryptophan biosynthesis). The conserved order suggests that these genes act together. Operons are clusters of genes that are transcribed together. Based on co-transcription data but also based on the fact that the order of genes in operons is often conserved across many ...
In Bacillus subtilis, there are 6 structural genes that are situated within a supraoperon. Three of these genes are found upstream while the other three genes are found downstream of the trp operon. [16] There is a 7th gene in Bacillus subtilis's operon called trpG or pabA which is responsible for protein synthesis of tryptophan and folate.
For example, an operon is a stretch of DNA that is transcribed to create a contiguous segment of RNA, but contains more than one cistron / gene. The operon is said to be polycistronic, whereas ordinary genes are said to be monocistronic.
Granadaene is an organic compound produced by S.agalactiae.It is the product of a metabolic pathway similar to that of biosynthesis of fatty acids.The enzymes necessary for the biosynthesis of granadaene in GBS are coded by a gene cluster of 12 genes, the cyl operon, Among the cyl operon, the cylE gene is required for pigment production, and transcription of cyl genes is regulated by the CovR ...