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Raja Ram Sinsinwar (reigned 1 January 1670 – 4 July 1688) was the first leader, who organised a rebellion against Aurangzeb.He was the chieftain of Sinsini.Before Rajaram the zamindars were organised by different village heads dotted around Agra, Mathura and the Yamuna river.
Rajaram's Government deliberately weaned away many Maratha Chiefs who had accepted Mughal service. Aurangzeb profusely offered lands, titles and rewards as inducements to Maratha lords to renounce their Chhatrapati and accept Mughal service. Maratha Government adopted the same methods for counteraction. [26]
The siege of Jinji, (September 1690–8 January 1698), began when the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb appointed Zulfiqar Ali Khan as the Nawab of the Carnatic and dispatched him to besiege and capture Jinji Fort, which had been sacked and captured by Maratha Empire troops led by Rajaram, they had also ambushed and killed about 300 Mughal Sowars in the Carnatic.
Aurangzeb was frustrated with Rajaram's successful escape. Keeping most of his force in Maharashtra, he sent a small number to keep Rajaram in check. This small force was destroyed by an attack from two Maratha generals, Santaji Ghorpade and Dhanaji Jadhav , who then they joined Ramchandra Bavadekar in Deccan.
Aurangzeb and the Mughals belonged to a branch of the Timurid dynasty. He held administrative and military posts under his father Shah Jahan (r. 1628–1658) and gained recognition as an accomplished military commander. Aurangzeb served as the viceroy of the Deccan in 1636–1637 and the governor of Gujarat in 1645–1647.
Rajaram, his wife Janki Bai and mother Soyarabai were imprisoned. Soon after, when there was another conspiracy attempt against Sambhaji with the help of Prince Akbar, [13] Aurangzeb's fourth son, some of Soyarabai's kinsmen from the Mohite clan and some of Shivaji's ministers such as Annaji Datto were executed on charges of conspiracy. [14]: 48
The Battle of Raigad occurred between the Mughal Empire and the Maratha Kingdom in 1689. Aurangzeb ordered his General Zulfiqar Khan to capture the Maratha king, Rajaram.Mughal forces attacked Raigad and the fortress fell, however Rajaram Maharaj escaped before that happened.
Alarmed and angered by this incident, Aurangzeb summoned Raja Ram Singh to punish Rajaram and appointed him Mathura's faujdar. Singh was in Kabul, and died before he could undertake his new appointment. [6] Arrangements were also made for setting up thanas in the Mathura area. [9]