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Leuprorelin, also known as leuprolide, is a manufactured version of a hormone used to treat prostate cancer, breast cancer, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, for early puberty, or as part of transgender hormone therapy. [10] [11] It is given by injection into a muscle or under the skin. [10]
A gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH agonist) is a type of medication which affects gonadotropins and sex hormones. [1] They are used for a variety of indications including in fertility medicine and to lower sex hormone levels in the treatment of hormone-sensitive cancers such as prostate cancer and breast cancer, certain gynecological disorders like heavy periods and endometriosis ...
3.7: 5.4 Urinary incontinence: 3.7: 7.9 Footnotes: a = Phase III studies of combined androgen blockade (bicalutamide or flutamide + GnRH agonist) in men with advanced prostate cancer. b = Incidence >5% regardless of causality. c = 250 mg three times per day at 8-hour intervals. d = Anemia includes hypochromic anemia and iron deficiency anemia.
Staging breast cancer is the initial step to help physicians determine the most appropriate course of treatment. As of 2016, guidelines incorporated biologic factors, such as tumor grade, cellular proliferation rate, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression, and gene expression profiling into the staging system.
In the EPC trial, in which bicalutamide monotherapy (150 mg/day) was evaluated for treatment of early prostate cancer in 8,113 men, the incidence of abnormal liver function tests at 3-year median follow-up was 3.4% for bicalutamide plus standard care (n=4,052) and 1.9% for standard care alone (n=4,061).
Endo International creates histerelin acetate (Vantas) while AbbVie manufactures leuprolide acetate (Lupron Depot). [ 57 ] [ 58 ] Other companies within the United States are also in the mix such as Pfizer who distributes histerelin acetate (Supprelin LA) and Tolmar Pharmaceuticals who create their own leuprolide acetate (Fensolvi).
A 2013 meta-analysis concluded that every use of birth control pills is associated with a modest increase in the risk of breast cancer (relative risk 1.08) and a reduced risk of colorectal cancer (relative risk 0.86) and endometrial cancer (relative risk 0.57). Cervical cancer risk in those infected with HPV is increased. [124]
SH-834 was a combination of 90 mg estradiol valerate and 300 mg gestonorone caproate for weekly intramuscular injection that was developed by Schering in the 1970s. [68] [153] [154] It was investigated clinically as a treatment for breast cancer and was found to be effective, but was never marketed. [68] [66]