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The Eastern Woodlands extended roughly from the Atlantic Ocean to the eastern Great Plains, and from the Great Lakes region to the Gulf of Mexico, which is now part of the Eastern United States and Canada. [1] The Plains Indians culture area is to the west; the Subarctic area to the north.
Joseph Brant, a Mohawk, depicted in a portrait by Charles Bird King, circa 1835 Three Lenape people, depicted in a painting by George Catlin in the 1860s. Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands include Native American tribes and First Nation bands residing in or originating from a cultural area encompassing the northeastern and Midwest United States and southeastern Canada. [1]
Most of the tribal land base in the United States was set aside by the federal government as Native American Reservations. In California, about half of its reservations are called rancherías. In New Mexico, most reservations are called Pueblos. In some western states, notably Nevada, there are Native American areas called Indian colonies ...
The recognition process is largely controlled by the United States federal agency the Bureau of Indian Affairs, in consultation with federally recognized tribes. In January 2015, the United States' Federal Register issued an official list of 566 tribes that are Indian Entities Recognized and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States ...
In July 2018 the United States' Federal Register issued an official list of 573 tribes that are Indian Entities Recognized and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs. [1] The Little Shell Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Montana became the 574th tribe to gain federal recognition on December 20, 2019.
In late 2007 about 16 states had recognized 62 tribes. [5] According to the National Conference of State Legislatures, only 14 states recognize tribes at the state level by 2017. [6] The Native Nations Institute of the University of Arizona lists 15 states as having state-recognized tribes in 2024. [7]
Painting of a Choctaw woman by George Catlin. Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands, Southeastern cultures, or Southeast Indians are an ethnographic classification for Native Americans who have traditionally inhabited the area now part of the Southeastern United States and the northeastern border of Mexico, that share common cultural traits.
Riparian, bottomland, and wetland plant communities expanded. The grassy woodlands contracted and retracted westward. [6] Prescribed fire in Virginia, 1995. Many eastern ridgetops were burned by American Indians. At about 4,000 years BP, the Archaic Indian cultures began practicing agriculture throughout the region. Technology had advanced to ...