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A spray nozzle or atomizer is a device that facilitates the dispersion of a liquid by the formation of a spray. The production of a spray requires the fragmentation of liquid structures, such as liquid sheets or ligaments, into droplets, often by using kinetic energy to overcome the cost of creating additional surface area.
The exit orifice design and the relative geometric proportions also affect the spray angle and distribution. Full cone nozzles provide a uniform spray distribution of medium to large size drops resulting from their core design, which features large flow passages. Full cone nozzles are the style most extensively used in industry.
A gas jet, fluid jet, or hydro jet is a nozzle intended to eject gas or fluid in a coherent stream into a surrounding medium. Gas jets are commonly found in gas stoves , ovens , or barbecues . Gas jets were commonly used for light before the development of electric light .
m = [μ L / μ G] where, μ L and μ G are viscosities of liquid and gas respectively 3. Weber Number. We t = [ρ G V c 2 t/σ s] where σ s is surface tension between liquid and gas contact surface. It is the ratio of the force applied by the gas on the liquid layer to the surface tension force acting on liquid. 4. Ohnesorge Number. Oh t = [μ ...
Used nozzles from an oil burner. Fuel is injected into the combustion chamber at high pressure by a spray nozzle. Fuel nozzles are usually rated in fuel volume flow per unit time e.g. US gallons per hour. A fuel nozzle is characterized by three features: Flow at 100 psi pump pressure (e.g. 0.65 gallons per hour)
The choked velocity is a function of the upstream pressure but not the downstream. Although the velocity is constant, the mass flow rate is dependent on the density of the upstream gas, which is a function of the upstream pressure. Flow velocity reaches the speed of sound in the orifice, and it may be termed a sonic orifice.
Spray towers are constructed in various sizes – small ones to handle small gas flows of 0.05 m 3 /s (106 ft 3 /min) or less, and large ones to handle large exhaust flows of 50 m 3 /s (106,000 m 3 /min) or greater. Because of the low gas velocity required, units handling large gas flow rates tend to be large in size.
Ultrasonic spray nozzle technology has been used to create films of indium tin oxide (ITO) in the formation of transparent conductive films (TCF). [9] ITO has excellent transparency and low sheet resistance, however it is a scarce material and prone to cracking, which does not make it a good candidate for the new flexible TCFs.
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