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  2. Tyndall's bar breaker - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyndall's_bar_breaker

    The bar breaker experiment comprises a very rigid frame (d) and a massive connecting rod (b). The rod is held on one side by a cast iron bar (c) that is going to be broken in the experiment and, at the other end, by a nut (a) that is used to compensate the thermal expansion.

  3. Thermal expansion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_expansion

    A number of materials contract on heating within certain temperature ranges; this is usually called negative thermal expansion, rather than "thermal contraction".For example, the coefficient of thermal expansion of water drops to zero as it is cooled to 3.983 °C (39.169 °F) and then becomes negative below this temperature; this means that water has a maximum density at this temperature, and ...

  4. Thermal stress - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_stress

    Temperature gradients, thermal expansion or contraction and thermal shocks are things that can lead to thermal stress. This type of stress is highly dependent on the thermal expansion coefficient which varies from material to material. In general, the greater the temperature change, the higher the level of stress that can occur.

  5. Rubber band experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubber_band_experiment

    The rubber band experiment can be modeled as a thermodynamic cycle as shown in the diagram. The stretching of the rubber band is an isobaric expansion (A → B) that increases the energy but reduces the entropy (this is a property of a rubber bands due to rubber elasticity). Holding the rubber band in tension at ambient temperature is an ...

  6. List of experiments in physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_experiments_in_physics

    Thermal expansion forces 1885 Eötvös experiment: Loránd Eötvös: Measurement Ratio between inertial and gravitational mass: 1887 Michelson–Morley experiment: Albert A. Michelson and Edward W. Morley: Negative result Luminiferous aether: 1897 Thomson experiment: J. J. Thomson: Discovery Electron: 1901 Trouton–Noble experiment

  7. Negative thermal expansion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_thermal_expansion

    Negative thermal expansion (NTE) is an unusual physicochemical process in which some materials contract upon heating, rather than expand as most other materials do. The most well-known material with NTE is water at 0 to 3.98 °C.

  8. Bimetallic strip - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bimetallic_strip

    The metals involved in a bimetallic strip can vary in composition so long as their thermal expansion coefficients differ. The metal of lower thermal expansion coefficient is sometimes called the passive metal, while the other is called the active metal. Copper, steel, brass, iron, and nickel are commonly used metals in bimetallic strips. [6]

  9. Dilatometer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilatometer

    A specific example is the rate of phase changes. [2] In food science, dilatometers are used to measure the solid fat index of food oils and butter. [3] Another common application of a dilatometer is the measurement of thermal expansion. Thermal expansivity is an important engineering parameter, and is defined as:

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