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California Affiliated Risk Management Authority (CARMA) is a California public agency dedicated to innovative approaches in providing financial protection for its public entity members against catastrophic loss. CARMA is an excess general liability pool consisting of five-member joint powers authorities (JPA), with over 135 underlying members.
The term "agency" sets forth the public entities subject to the article. An "agency" in Article XIII D incorporates the same broad definition of "local government" used in Article XIII C. [132] As a result, if a public entity is a "local government" under Article XIII C it is an "agency" under Article XIII D.
The act provides immunity to the State of California and its related entities from being sued. The law immunizes public employees from liability for “instituting or prosecuting any judicial or administrative proceeding” within the scope of their employment, “even if” the employees act “maliciously and without probable cause.” (Cal. Gov. Code, § 821.6)
California has the highest marginal income and capital gains tax rate and is in the top ten highest corporate tax and sales tax rates nationally. In 2016, California had the 17th-highest per-capita (per-person) property tax revenue in the country at $1,559, up from 31st in 1996. [ 30 ]
Corning Hospital District decision, the California Supreme Court decided that "total governmental immunity […] does not exist" and would no longer protect the state and other public entities from civil liability for their torts. [18] The California Government Claims Act was enacted as a result.
The public entity insurance program—underwritten by Trident and now distributed by The McGowan Companies—is available to municipalities (boroughs, cities, counties and towns) in Pennsylvania.
The articles of dissolution include a cover letter that includes the name of the LLC, mailing address, and the name and telephone of the person authorized to dissolve the company.
The False Claims act does not apply to IRS Tax matters. [ 23 ] The statute provides that anyone who violates the law "is liable to the United States Government for a civil penalty of not less than $5,000 and not more than $10,000, as adjusted by the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990, [ 24 ] plus 3 times the amount of ...