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2. Rail fastening system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_fastening_system

   The earliest rail chairs, made of cast iron and introduced around 1800, were used to fix and support cast-iron rails at their ends; [2] they were also used to join adjacent rails. [ 35 ] In the 1830s rolled T-shaped (or single-flanged T parallel rail ) and I-shaped (or double-flanged T parallel or bullhead ) rails were introduced; both required ...

3. History of the railway track - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_railway_track

   Cast iron rails, 4 feet (1.2 m) long, began to be used in the 1790s and by 1820, 15-foot-long (4.6 m) wrought iron rails were in use. The first steel rails were made in 1857 and standard rail lengths increased over time from 30 to 60 feet (9.1–18.3 m).

4. Rail profile - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_profile

   The rail profile is the cross sectional shape of a railway rail, perpendicular to its length. Early rails were made of wood, cast iron or wrought iron. All modern rails are hot rolled steel with a cross section approximate to an I-beam, but asymmetric about a horizontal axis (however see grooved rail below). The head is profiled to resist wear ...

5. Railway track - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway_track

   The iron strap rail coming through the floors of the coaches came to be referred to as "snake heads" by early railroaders. [18] [19] The Deeside Tramway in North Wales used this form of rail. It opened around 1870 and closed in 1947, with long sections still using these rails. It was one of the last uses of iron-topped wooden rails. [20]

6. LB&SCR A1 class - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LB&SCR_A1_class

   The original boilers were of 3 ft 6 in (1.07 m) diameter with barrel 7 ft 10 in (2.39 m) long, wrought-iron fireboxes 4 ft 1 in (1.24 m) long having a grate area of 10.3 sq ft (0.96 m 2) and worked at a pressure of 140 lbf/in 2 (970 kPa). [10] Steel fireboxes were tried on two locomotives in 1889 but these were unsuccessful.

7. Rail transport - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport

   The wrought iron invented by John Birkinshaw in 1820 replaced cast iron. Wrought iron, usually simply referred to as "iron", was a ductile material that could undergo considerable deformation before breaking, making it more suitable for iron rails. But iron was expensive to produce until Henry Cort patented the puddling process in 1784.