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Vitamin D compounds, specifically cholecalciferol (D3) and ergocalciferol (D2), are used in rodenticides due to their ability to induce hypercalcemia, a condition characterized by elevated calcium levels in the blood. This overdose leads to organ failure and is pharmacologically similar to vitamin D's toxic effects in humans.
“Vitamin supplements can have potentially very serious risks and side effects when taken in excess,” Stevens wrote. “Current food labeling requirements do not require these risks and side ...
In the United States, overdose exposure to all formulations of "vitamins" (which includes multi-vitamin/mineral products) was reported by 62,562 individuals in 2004 with nearly 80% of these exposures in children under the age of 6, leading to 53 "major" life-threatening outcomes and 3 deaths (2 from vitamins D and E; 1 from a multivitamin with ...
The Institute of Medicine in 2010 recommended a maximum uptake of vitamin D of 4000 IU/d, finding that the dose for lowest observed adverse effect level is 40,000 IU daily for at least 12 weeks, [25] and that there was a single case of toxicity above 10 000 IU after more than seven years of daily intake; this case of toxicity occurred in ...
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is warning parents and caregivers that some liquid vitamin D supplements have droppers that may allow too large a dose to be given to infants. Vitamin D ...
What are the possible side effects of taking expired vitamins? “There isn’t a promise that the vitamin will pack a full punch if you take it after the expiration date, but there aren’t any ...
Given the shortfall, there are recommendations that breast-fed infants be fed a vitamin D dietary supplement of 400 IU/day during the first year of life. [55] If not breast feeding, infant formulas are designed to deliver 400 IU/day for an infant consuming a liter of formula per day [59] - a normal volume for a full-term infant after first ...
Alfacalcidol (or 1-hydroxycholecalciferol) is an analogue of vitamin D used for supplementation in humans and as a poultry feed additive. Alfacalcidol has a weaker impact on calcium metabolism [ 3 ] and parathyroid hormone levels [ 4 ] than calcitriol ; but significant effects on the immune system , including regulatory T cells . [ 5 ]
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