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To stabilize oxygen binding at low ionic concentrations, the crab increases its internal pH (decreasing the hydrogen ion concentration) to allow the hemocyanin to continue to function efficiently. [5] The Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, relies on the magnesium ion (Mg 2+) for its hemocyanin oxygen affinity. In the juvenile stage, the crab has ...
If no source of nucleation is introduced, water can cool down to −48 °C without freezing. [10] Therefore, when an insect maintains its body fluids in a supercooled state, there is the risk that spontaneous ice nucleation will occur. The temperature at which an insect spontaneously freezes is referred to as the supercooling point (SCP).
The ground state of a quantum-mechanical system is its stationary state of lowest energy; the energy of the ground state is known as the zero-point energy of the system. An excited state is any state with energy greater than the ground state. In quantum field theory, the ground state is usually called the vacuum state or the vacuum. If more ...
The ants clean each other's exoskeletons to decrease the presence of spores attached. [11] Also, ants can sense that a member of the colony is infected; healthy ants carry the O. unilateralis-infected individual far away from the colony to avoid exposure to spores. There are also reports that most worker ants remain inside the nest boundaries ...
The relative activity of a species i, denoted a i, is defined [4] [5] as: = where μ i is the (molar) chemical potential of the species i under the conditions of interest, μ o i is the (molar) chemical potential of that species under some defined set of standard conditions, R is the gas constant, T is the thermodynamic temperature and e is the exponential constant.
Fire ants sting and bite, particularly little kids since they can come into contact with dirt mounds playing outside. During those rare summer showers, fire ants will immediately turn up.
As a simple example, imagine a gas of monatomic hydrogen atoms, set = and let = 13.6 eV = 158 000 K, the ionization energy of hydrogen from its ground state. Let n {\displaystyle n} = 2.69 × 10 25 m −3 , which is the Loschmidt constant , or particle density of Earth's atmosphere at standard pressure and temperature.
Plerergates can live anywhere in the nest, but in the wild, they are found deep underground, unable to move, swollen to the size of grapes. [7] In Camponotus inflatus in Australia, repletes formed 49% (516 ants) of a colony of 1063 ants, and 46% (1835 ants) of a colony of 4019 ants. The smaller colony contained six wingless queens.