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Ectosymbiosis is defined as a symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives on the outside surface of a different organism. [3] For instance, barnacles on whales is an example of an ectosymbiotic relationship where the whale provides the barnacle with a home, a ride, and access to food.
The first appearance of a symbiote occurs in The Amazing Spider-Man #252, The Spectacular Spider-Man #90, and Marvel Team-Up #141 (released concurrently in May 1984), in which Spider-Man brings one home to Earth after the Secret Wars (Secret Wars #8, which was months later, details his first encounter with it).
Diagram of the six possible types of symbiotic relationship, from mutual benefit to mutual harm. The definition of symbiosis was a matter of debate for 130 years. [7] In 1877, Albert Bernhard Frank used the term symbiosis to describe the mutualistic relationship in lichens.
One such example of photosymbiosis is in ascidians, the sea squirts. In the genus Didemnidae , 30 species establish symbiotic relationships. [ 53 ] The photosynthetic ascidians are associated with cyanobacteria in the genus of Prochloron as well as, in some cases, the species Synechocystis trididemni . [ 54 ]
Having only one plastid severely limits gene transfer [33] as the lysis of the single plastid would likely result in cell death. [ 33 ] [ 59 ] Consistent with this hypothesis, organisms with multiple plastids show an 80-fold increase in plastid-to-nucleus gene transfer compared with organisms with single plastids.
During mitosis the algae is transferred to only one of the daughter cells, while the other cell restarts the cycle. In 1966, biologist Kwang W. Jeon found that a lab strain of Amoeba proteus had been infected by bacteria that lived inside the cytoplasmic vacuoles . [ 72 ]
A relationship between mean cell number and cell number variation was established following a law possessing an exponent of 2 upon a variety of multicellular eutelic taxa. [ 7 ] Hydatina senta (Phylum Rotifera, Order Bdelloidea ) is a species of rotifers which demonstrate the most complete cell constancy of any species studied before 1912. [ 8 ]
Symbiote may refer to: Symbiote (comics), a fictional alien species in Marvel Comics; Symbiont, an organism living in symbiosis with another;