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Uric acid is a normal waste product made by the body, but in some people, it can accumulate at higher levels and lead to gout. Gout can be divided into four stages: Hyperuricemia.
Uric acid displays lactam–lactim tautomerism. [4] Uric acid crystallizes in the lactam form, [5] with computational chemistry also indicating that tautomer to be the most stable. [6] Uric acid is a diprotic acid with pK a1 = 5.4 and pK a2 = 10.3. [7] At physiological pH, urate predominates in solution. [medical citation needed]
Unless high blood levels of uric acid are determined in a clinical laboratory, hyperuricemia may not cause noticeable symptoms in most people. [5] Development of gout – which is a painful, short-term disorder – is the most common consequence of hyperuricemia, which causes deposition of uric acid crystals usually in joints of the extremities, but may also induce formation of kidney stones ...
[20] [64] Probenecid may be used if undersecretion of uric acid is present (24-hour urine uric acid less than 800 mg). [75] It is, however, not recommended if a person has a history of kidney stones. [75] Probenecid can be used in a combined therapy with allopurinol is more effective than allopurinol monotherapy. [76] [77] [78]
Blood and urine tests that look for uric acid levels, which can be a sign of gout Blood tests for specific markers of autoimmune diseases to verify lupus or rheumatoid arthritis symptoms
Hypouricemia or hypouricaemia is a level of uric acid in blood serum that is below normal. In humans, the normal range of this blood component has a lower threshold set variously in the range of 2 mg/dL to 4 mg/dL, while the upper threshold is 530 μmol/L (6 mg/dL) for women and 619 μmol/L (7 mg/dL) for men. [1]
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