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  2. Experimental testing of time dilation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental_testing_of...

    They measured muons in the atmosphere traveling above 0.99 c (c being the speed of light). Rossi and Hall confirmed the formulas for relativistic momentum and time dilation in a qualitative manner. Knowing the momentum and lifetime of moving muons enabled them to compute their mean proper lifetime too – they obtained ≈ 2.4 μs (modern ...

  3. Michelson–Morley experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelson–Morley_experiment

    They set a limit on the anisotropy of the speed of light resulting from the Earth's motions of Δc/c ≈ 10 −15, where Δc is the difference between the speed of light in the x- and y-directions. [33] As of 2015, optical and microwave resonator experiments have improved this limit to Δc/c ≈ 10 −18.

  4. Time dilation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_dilation

    The faster the relative velocity, the greater the time dilation between them, with time slowing to a stop as one clock approaches the speed of light (299,792,458 m/s). In theory, time dilation would make it possible for passengers in a fast-moving vehicle to advance into the future in a short period of their own time.

  5. Speed of light - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_Light

    In the 19th century Hippolyte Fizeau developed a method to determine the speed of light based on time-of-flight measurements on Earth and reported a value of 315 000 km/s. [146] His method was improved upon by Léon Foucault who obtained a value of 298 000 km/s in 1862. [105]

  6. Tests of special relativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tests_of_special_relativity

    It was not until the mid-1960s that the constancy of the speed of light was definitively shown by experiment, since in 1965, J. G. Fox showed that the effects of the extinction theorem rendered the results of all experiments previous to that time inconclusive, and therefore compatible with both special relativity and emission theory.

  7. One-way speed of light - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-way_speed_of_light

    The two-way speed of light is the average speed of light from one point, such as a source, to a mirror and back again. Because the light starts and finishes in the same place, only one clock is needed to measure the total time; thus, this speed can be experimentally determined independently of any clock synchronization scheme.

  8. 2011 OPERA faster-than-light neutrino anomaly - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_OPERA_faster-than...

    If neutrino and light speed were the same, a subtraction value of 1043.4 nanoseconds should have been obtained for the correction. However, the actual subtraction value amounted to only 985.6 nanoseconds, corresponding to an arrival time 57.8 nanoseconds earlier than expected. [12]

  9. Shapiro time delay - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapiro_time_delay

    In a 1964 article entitled Fourth Test of General Relativity, Irwin Shapiro wrote: [1] Because, according to the general theory, the speed of a light wave depends on the strength of the gravitational potential along its path, these time delays should thereby be increased by almost 2×10 −4 sec when the radar pulses pass near the sun. Such a ...