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A collage of JSRV-infected sheep lung tumors. Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA), also known as ovine pulmonary adenomatosis, or jaagsiekte, is a chronic and contagious disease of the lungs of sheep and goats. OPA is caused by a retrovirus called jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV).
First described in 1954 by Bjorn Sigurdsson in Iceland, [6] Maedi-visna virus was the first lentivirus to be isolated and characterized, accomplished in 1957 by Sigurdsson. [6] [7] [8] Maedi (Icelandic mæði 'dyspnoea') and visna (Icelandic visna 'wasting' [9] or 'shrinking' of the spinal cord) refer to endemic sheep herd conditions that were only found to be related after Sigurdsson's work.
JSRV is the virus that is the cause of the contagious lung tumors in sheep called ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA). The disease has also been called "jaagsiekte", after the Afrikaans words for "chase" (jaag) and "sickness" (siekte), to describe the respiratory distress observed in an animal out of breath from being chased, indicating the breathing difficulty experienced by infected sheep.
Betaretrovirus is a genus of the Retroviridae family.It has type B or type D morphology.The type B is common for a few exogenous, vertically transmitted and endogenous viruses of mice; some primate and sheep viruses are the type D. [citation needed]
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Orthonairovirus is a genus of viruses in the family Nairoviridae of the order Bunyavirales which includes viruses with circular, negative-sense single stranded RNA. [1] The name is derived from the Nairobi sheep disease which affects the gastrointestinal tracts of sheep and goats. [1]
Diagram displaying the integration of viral DNA into a host genome. Endogenous retroviruses can play an active role in shaping genomes. Most studies in this area have focused on the genomes of humans and higher primates, but other vertebrates, such as mice and sheep, have also been studied in depth.
The enzootic nasal tumor virus of the betaretrovirus genus is a carcinogenic retrovirus that causes enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma in sheep and goats. [1] Strain ENTV-1 is found in sheep and strain ENTV-2 is found in goats.