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First described in 1954 by Bjorn Sigurdsson in Iceland, [6] Maedi-visna virus was the first lentivirus to be isolated and characterized, accomplished in 1957 by Sigurdsson. [6] [7] [8] Maedi (Icelandic mæði 'dyspnoea') and visna (Icelandic visna 'wasting' [9] or 'shrinking' of the spinal cord) refer to endemic sheep herd conditions that were only found to be related after Sigurdsson's work.
A collage of JSRV-infected sheep lung tumors. Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA), also known as ovine pulmonary adenomatosis, or jaagsiekte, is a chronic and contagious disease of the lungs of sheep and goats. OPA is caused by a retrovirus called jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV).
JSRV is the virus that is the cause of the contagious lung tumors in sheep called ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA). The disease has also been called "jaagsiekte", after the Afrikaans words for "chase" (jaag) and "sickness" (siekte), to describe the respiratory distress observed in an animal out of breath from being chased, indicating the breathing difficulty experienced by infected sheep.
Sheep and goats are both small ruminants with cosmopolitan distributions due to their being kept historically and in modern times as grazers both individually and in herds in return for their production of milk, wool, and meat. [1] As such, the diseases of these animals are of great economic importance to humans.
Betaretrovirus is a genus of the Retroviridae family.It has type B or type D morphology.The type B is common for a few exogenous, vertically transmitted and endogenous viruses of mice; some primate and sheep viruses are the type D. [citation needed]
ENTV has a conical structure and a similar genome structure as other retroviruses with the basic structure, 5’-U5-Gag-Pro-Pol-Env-U3-3’. ENTV has characteristics of both a B type retrovirus and a D type retrovirus. Its envelope is type B and its capsid protein is type D. This means that ENTV is classified as a chimeric type B/D retrovirus. [2]
Enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma is a fatal, malignant neoplastic, infectious disease in sheep and goats. It is caused by the Enzootic nasal tumor virus, a retrovirus similar to Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus, which causes a similar disease, also in sheep and goats called Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA). [1]
Orthonairovirus is a genus of viruses in the family Nairoviridae of the order Bunyavirales which includes viruses with circular, negative-sense single stranded RNA. [1] The name is derived from the Nairobi sheep disease which affects the gastrointestinal tracts of sheep and goats. [1]