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Shear strength is a term used in soil mechanics to describe the magnitude of the shear stress that a soil can sustain. The shear resistance of soil is a result of friction and interlocking of particles, and possibly cementation or bonding of particle contacts.
A direct shear test is a laboratory or field test used by geotechnical engineers to measure the shear strength properties of soil [1] [2] or rock [2] material, or of discontinuities in soil or rock masses. [2] [3] The U.S. and U.K. standards defining how the test should be performed are ASTM D 3080, AASHTO T236 and BS 1377-7:1990
Triaxial apparatus with sample attached ready for testing. In materials science, a triaxial shear test is a common method to measure the mechanical properties of many deformable solids, especially soil (e.g., sand, clay) and rock, and other granular materials or powders.
If the stress–strain curve does not stabilize before the end of shear strength test, the "strength" is sometimes considered to be the shear resistance at 15–20% strain. [15] The shear strength of soil depends on many factors including the effective stress and the void ratio.
The test is suitable for clay soils classified as soft to firm. By remoulding the sample and retesting an indication of the sensitivity of the clay can also be found. [1] The test has also been used to measure the shear strength of mortar mixes, where it has been shown to correlate with the slump value. [2]
The standard penetration test (SPT) is an in-situ dynamic penetration test designed to provide information on the geotechnical engineering properties of soil. This test is the most frequently used subsurface exploration drilling test performed worldwide. The test procedure is described in ISO 22476-3, ASTM D1586 [1] and Australian Standards AS ...
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