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These are large (100–560 kb) double-stranded DNA viruses with icosahedral shaped capsids. By 2014, 33 species divided into six genera had been identified within the family, [50] [51] which belongs to a super-group of large viruses known as nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses.
Viruses are the most abundant life in the ocean, harboring the greatest reservoir of genetic diversity. [256] As their infections are often fatal, they constitute a significant source of mortality and thus have widespread influence on biological oceanographic processes, evolution and biogeochemical cycling within the ocean. [ 257 ]
Despite the large abundances of picoeukaryotes, these unicellular organisms are outnumbered by viruses by about ten to one. [79] Viruses such as OtV5, play important roles in regulating phytoplankton populations, and through lysis of cells contribute to the recycling of nutrients back towards other microorganisms, otherwise known as the viral ...
Orthopoxvirus particles. A DNA virus is a virus that has a genome made of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that is replicated by a DNA polymerase.They can be divided between those that have two strands of DNA in their genome, called double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses, and those that have one strand of DNA in their genome, called single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses. dsDNA viruses primarily belong ...
Some members of this family can have a linear double-stranded DNA while others have a circular double stranded DNA. The genome has been found to be up to 560 kilobases in length. Up to 50% of the DNA can be represented by guanine or cytosine. This virus is known to infect algae, which means it is found in the ocean. [26]
The viruses that store their genomic information using DNA, DNA viruses, are the best studied subgrouping of algae-infecting viruses This is especially true for the dsDNA virus family, Phycodnaviridae. [1] [3] However, other groups of dsDNA viruses including giant viruses belonging to the family Mimiviridae also infect algae. [3]
The first member of this family, Mimivirus, was discovered in 2003, [6] and the first complete genome sequence was published in 2004. [7] However, the mimivirus Cafeteria roenbergensis virus [8] was isolated and partially characterized in 1995, [9] although the host was misidentified at the time, and the virus was designated BV-PW1.
The origin of viruses is unclear because they do not form fossils, so molecular techniques have been used to compare the DNA or RNA of viruses and are a useful means of investigating how they arise. [107] Viruses are now recognised as ancient and as having origins that pre-date the divergence of life into the three domains. [108]