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Toi moko, or mokomokai, are the preserved heads of Māori, the indigenous people of New Zealand, where the faces have been decorated by tā moko tattooing. They became valuable trade items during the Musket Wars of the early 19th century.
Tā moko is the permanent marking or tattooing as customarily practised by Māori, the indigenous people of New Zealand. It is one of the five main Polynesian tattoo styles (the other four are Marquesan, Samoan, Tahitian and Hawaiian). [1] Tohunga-tā-moko (tattooists) were considered tapu, or inviolable and sacred. [2]
New Zealand news website Stuff has described her as being at the "forefront" of the revival of tā moko. [8] She has designed and inked traditional tā moko all over New Zealand, and many customers request her work because she is one of few women who practice the art. [3] [6] [9] She uses modern tools as well as traditional uhi (chisels) carved ...
Kipa's moko work is just one aspect of his art practice that reflects an artist drawing on his cultural heritage in new and exciting ways, demonstrating how tradition and innovation are, in fact, one and the same. [6]: 26 In 2004 Kipa was a Te Waka Toi Inaugural Artist in Residence in the Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre, Nouméa. [2]
The art declined in the 19th century following the introduction of Christianity, but in recent decades has undergone a revival. Although modern moko are in traditional styles, most are carried out using modern equipment. Body parts such as the arms, legs and back are popular locations for modern moko, although some are still on the face.
Nga Korero Aoteatea – Fifty Maori Artists, Dowse Art Museum, Wellington 1999; Ta Moko is NOT Tattoo, interactive CD Rom Artpix 3 Houston, USA, 2001; Tau-Marumaru, Harris Fine Arts Center BYU, Utah USA 2005; Navigating the Now, Whakatane Museum & Gallery, 26 June–Aug 8 2010; Roundabout: 108 Artists, Wellington, Israel, 2007–2010
Te Awekotuku has researched and written extensively on the traditional and contemporary practices of tā moko (tattoo) in New Zealand. Her 2007 (re-published in 2011) book Mau Moko: the world of Maori tattoo, co-authored with Linda Waimarie Nikora, was the product of a five-year long research project conducted by the Māori and Psychology Research Unit at the University of Waikato, funded by a ...
The design is not based on any specific moko [27] and was created directly on Tyson's face. [28] Tyson saw the tattoo as representing the Māori, whom he described as a "warrior tribe", and approved of the design, [29] which consists of monochrome spiral shapes above and below his left eye. [30]