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In 1836, one of the first major contributions to forensic chemistry was introduced by British chemist James Marsh. He created the Marsh test for arsenic detection, which was subsequently used successfully in a murder trial. [12] It was also during this time that forensic toxicology began to be recognized as a distinct field.
Alexander Oscar Gettler (August 13, 1883 – August 4, 1968) [1] [2] was a toxicologist with the Office of Chief Medical Examiner of the City of New York (OCME) between 1918 and 1959, and the first forensic chemist to be employed in this capacity by a U.S. city. [3] [4] [5] His work at OCME with Charles Norris, the chief medical examiner, created the foundation for modern medicolegal ...
James Marsh (2 September 1794 – 21 June 1846) was a British chemist who invented the Marsh test for detecting arsenic.Born in Kent, he was working as a labourer in Woolwich in the late 1810s and early 1820s, before joining the Royal Artillery. [1]
The Marsh test is a highly sensitive method in the detection of arsenic, especially useful in the field of forensic toxicology when arsenic was used as a poison. It was developed by the chemist James Marsh and first published in 1836. [1] The method continued to be used, with improvements, in forensic toxicology until the 1970s. [2]
The term forensic stems from the Latin word, forēnsis (3rd declension, adjective), meaning "of a forum, place of assembly". [5] The history of the term originates in Roman times, when a criminal charge meant presenting the case before a group of public individuals in the forum.
[4] [5] His lab, located in Lyon, was the first forensic lab in Europe. [6] [7] In 1910, Locard succeeded in persuading the Police Department of Lyon to give him two attic rooms and two assistants, to start what became the first police forensic laboratory. [5] [8] [9] [10] Locard's daughter Denise would be born on November 18, 1917, in Paris. [11]
Alex J. Krotulski, who runs the toxicology and chemistry lab at the Center for Forensic Science Research & Education in Horsham, Pennsylvania, analyzes samples for police and other clients.
In 2021, the largest study to date on the accuracy of bloodstain pattern analysis was published in Forensic Science International. The study was based on 33,005 multiple-choice responses and 1760 short text responses, by 75 practicing bloodstain pattern analysts on 192 bloodstain patterns selected to be representative of casework, [10] and stated: