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  2. State tax levels in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_tax_levels_in_the...

    Median household income and taxes State Tax Burdens 2022 % of income. State tax levels indicate both the tax burden and the services a state can afford to provide residents.

  3. Single-precision floating-point format - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-precision_floating...

    Conversion of the fractional part: Consider 0.375, the fractional part of 12.375. To convert it into a binary fraction, multiply the fraction by 2, take the integer part and repeat with the new fraction by 2 until a fraction of zero is found or until the precision limit is reached which is 23 fraction digits for IEEE 754 binary32 format.

  4. Pi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi

    The number π (/ p aɪ /; spelled out as "pi") is a mathematical constant that is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, approximately equal to 3.14159.The number π appears in many formulae across mathematics and physics.

  5. Significant figures - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Significant_figures

    The approximation 22/7 has the same three correct decimal digits but has 10 correct binary digits. Most calculators and computer programs can handle the 16-digit expansion 3.141592653589793, which is sufficient for interplanetary navigation calculations. [5]

  6. Normal distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution

    Conversely, if is a normal deviate with parameters and , then this distribution can be re-scaled and shifted via the formula = / to convert it to the standard normal distribution. This variate is also called the standardized form of X {\textstyle X} .

  7. Python (programming language) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_(programming_language)

    Code that works around those may need to be changed. Code that uses locals() for simple templating, or print debugging, will continue to work correctly." [64] Some (more) standard library modules and many deprecated classes, functions and methods, will be removed in Python 3.15 or 3.16. [65] [66]

  8. Scanning electron microscope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_electron_microscope

    An account of the early history of scanning electron microscopy has been presented by McMullan. [2] [3] Although Max Knoll produced a photo with a 50 mm object-field-width showing channeling contrast by the use of an electron beam scanner, [4] it was Manfred von Ardenne who in 1937 invented [5] a microscope with high resolution by scanning a very small raster with a demagnified and finely ...

  9. Aspect ratio (image) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspect_ratio_(image)

    A good example of this a 4×6 print (6 inch wide by 4 inch tall landscape) perfectly matches the 3:2 aspect ratio of a DSLR/35 mm, since 6/2=3 and 4/2=2. For analog projection of photographic slides, projector and screen use a 1:1 aspect ratio, supporting horizontal and vertical orientation equally well.