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  2. Yiddish - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddish

    Yiddish, [a] historically also Judeo-German, [11] [b] is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews.It originated in 9th-century [12]: 2 Central Europe, and provided the nascent Ashkenazi community with a vernacular based on High German fused with many elements taken from Hebrew (notably Mishnaic) and to some extent Aramaic.

  3. History of the Jews in Germany - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Germany

    American-style Reform Judaism (which originated in Germany), has re-emerged in Germany, led by the Union of Progressive Jews in Germany, even though the Central Council of Jews in Germany and most local Jewish communities officially adhere to Orthodoxy. [citation needed] Public menorah in Karlsruhe

  4. History of the Jews in Europe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Europe

    Non-Jewish Germans also immigrated in great numbers at the same time, because of conditions in Europe and the lure of better conditions in the U.S. Although the non-Jewish Germans then began to come in lower numbers, Jewish immigration continued to be robust into the twentieth century, an estimated 250,000. [71]

  5. List of German Jews - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_German_Jews

    The first Jewish population in the region to be later known as Germany came with the Romans to the city now known as Cologne. A "Golden Age" in the first millennium saw the emergence of the Ashkenazi Jews, while the persecution and expulsion that followed the Crusades led to the creation of Yiddish and an overall shift eastwards.

  6. Germanic languages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_languages

    Similar varieties of Moselle Franconian are spoken in small parts of Belgium, France, and Germany. Yiddish, once a native language of some 11 to 13 million people, remains in use by some 1.5 million speakers in Jewish communities around the world, mainly in North America, Europe, Israel, and other regions with Jewish populations. [11]

  7. Jewish diaspora - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_diaspora

    However, for the most part, modern Ashkenazi Jews originated with Jews who migrated or were forcibly taken from the Middle East to southern Europe in antiquity, where they established Jewish communities before moving into northern France and lower Germany during the High and Late Middle Ages. They also descend to a lesser degree from Jewish ...

  8. Yiddish dialects - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddish_dialects

    Yiddish linguistic scholarship uses a system developed by M. Weinreich (1960) to indicate the descendent diaphonemes of the Proto-Yiddish stressed vowels. [12] Each Proto-Yiddish vowel is given a unique two-digit identifier, and its reflexes use it as a subscript, for example Southeastern o 11 is the vowel /o/, descended from Proto-Yiddish */a ...

  9. Eastern European Jewry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_European_Jewry

    As antisemitism in Germany escalated after the First World War, German Jews were divided with regard to how they felt about the Yiddish-speaking Eastern European Jews. Some German Jews, who were wrestling with the notion of their own German identity, became more accepting of a shared identity with Eastern Jewry.