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Rolling cone motion is the rolling motion generated by a cone rolling over another cone. In rolling cone motion, at least one of the cones is convex , while the other cone may be either convex, or concave, or a flat surface (a flat surface can be regarded as a special case of a cone whose apex angle equals π {\displaystyle \pi } ).
For thin sheet metal with a thickness less than 200 μm (0.0079 in), [citation needed] the rolling is done in a cluster mill because the small thickness requires a small diameter rolls. [10] To reduce the need for small rolls pack rolling is used, which rolls multiple sheets together to increase the effective starting thickness.
Roll bending may be done to both sheet metal and bars of metal. If a bar is used, it is assumed to have a uniform cross-section, but not necessarily rectangular, as long as there are no overhanging contours, i.e. positive draft. Such bars are often formed by extrusion. The material to be shaped is suspended between the rollers.
A joggle bend in sheet metal (at top of image) and a hand joggling tool Joggling , [ 5 ] also known as joggle bending , is an offset bending process in which two opposite bends with equal angles are formed in a single action creating a small s-shape bend profile and an offset between the unbent face and the result flange that is typically less ...
Roll forming, also spelled roll-forming or rollforming, is a type of rolling involving the continuous bending of a long strip of sheet metal (typically coiled steel) into a desired cross-section. The strip passes through sets of rolls mounted on consecutive stands, each set performing only an incremental part of the bend, until the desired ...
The Lankford coefficient (also called Lankford value, R-value, or plastic strain ratio) [1] is a measure of the plastic anisotropy of a rolled sheet metal. This scalar quantity is used extensively as an indicator of the formability of recrystallized low-carbon steel sheets.
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When rolling, the top roll presses the metal plate between the two side rolls. The advantage of having the variable three roll is the ability to roll many thicknesses and diameters of cylinders. For example; The side-rolls are what produce the mechanical advantage. With the side rolls all the way open, one has the maximum mechanical advantage ...