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Perfect competition exists where an industry's concentration ratio is CR n = n/N, where N is the number of firms in the industry. That is, all firms have an equal market share. Low concentration – 40% A concentration ratio of close to 0% implies perfect competition at the least. This is only possible in an industry where there is a very large ...
N-firm concentration ratio, N-firm concentration ratio is a common measure of market structure. This gives the combined market share of the N largest firms in the market. [ 9 ] For example, if the 5-firm concentration ratio in the United States smart phone industry is about .8, which indicates that the combined market share of the five largest ...
Market concentration is affected through various forces, including barriers to entry and existing competition. Market concentration ratios also allows users to more accurately determine the type of market structure they are observing, from a perfect competitive, to a monopolistic, monopoly or oligopolistic market structure.
Plant growth analysis refers to a set of concepts and equations by which changes in size of plants over time can be summarised and dissected in component variables. It is often applied in the analysis of growth of individual plants, but can also be used in a situation where crop growth is followed over time.
μ is the growth rate of a considered microorganism, μ max is the maximum growth rate of this microorganism, [S] is the concentration of the limiting substrate S for growth, K s is the "half-velocity constant"—the value of [S] when μ/μ max = 0.5. μ max and K s are empirical (experimental) coefficients to the Monod equation. They will ...
A graphical representation of Porter's five forces. Porter's Five Forces Framework is a method of analysing the competitive environment of a business. It draws from industrial organization (IO) economics to derive five forces that determine the competitive intensity and, therefore, the attractiveness (or lack thereof) of an industry in terms of its profitability.
Vertical integration is often closely associated with vertical expansion which, in economics, is the growth of a business enterprise through the acquisition of companies that produce the intermediate goods needed by the business or help market and distribute its product.
Due to relatively high concentrations in the aqueous stock solutions (cf. Tables 1 and 2) the Hoagland solution is very good for the growth of plants with lower nutrient demands as well, such as lettuce and aquatic plants, with the further dilution of the preparation to 1 ⁄ 4 or 1 ⁄ 5 of the modified solution.