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There are two main descriptions of motion: dynamics and kinematics.Dynamics is general, since the momenta, forces and energy of the particles are taken into account. In this instance, sometimes the term dynamics refers to the differential equations that the system satisfies (e.g., Newton's second law or Euler–Lagrange equations), and sometimes to the solutions to those equations.
Newton's laws are often stated in terms of point or particle masses, that is, bodies whose volume is negligible. This is a reasonable approximation for real bodies when the motion of internal parts can be neglected, and when the separation between bodies is much larger than the size of each.
Classical mechanics is the branch of physics used to describe the motion of macroscopic objects. [1] It is the most familiar of the theories of physics. The concepts it covers, such as mass, acceleration, and force, are commonly used and known. [2] The subject is based upon a three-dimensional Euclidean space with fixed axes, called a frame of ...
In physics, equations of motion are equations that describe the behavior of a physical system in terms of its motion as a function of time. [3] More specifically, the equations of motion describe the behavior of a physical system as a set of mathematical functions in terms of dynamic variables.
The mathematical by-product of this calculation is the mass–energy equivalence formula, that mass and energy are essentially the same thing: [14]: 51 [15]: 121 = = At a low speed (v ≪ c), the relativistic kinetic energy is approximated well by the classical kinetic energy.
The energy–momentum relation is consistent with the familiar mass–energy relation in both its interpretations: E = mc 2 relates total energy E to the (total) relativistic mass m (alternatively denoted m rel or m tot), while E 0 = m 0 c 2 relates rest energy E 0 to (invariant) rest mass m 0. Unlike either of those equations, the energy ...
The equations of motion describe the movement of the center of mass of a body, which remains at a constant distance from the axis of rotation. In circular motion, the distance between the body and a fixed point on its surface remains the same, i.e., the body is assumed rigid.
A mass m attached to a spring of spring constant k exhibits simple harmonic motion in closed space. The equation for describing the period: = shows the period of oscillation is independent of the amplitude, though in practice the amplitude should be small. The above equation is also valid in the case when an additional constant force is being ...