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This intoxication covers a variety of unpleasant physical and mental symptoms associated with the consumption of excessive amounts of caffeine. [1] Caffeine is considered one of the most widely consumed drugs around the world. Around 80% of the world population consumes caffeine in one form or another. [2]
The health effects of coffee include various possible health benefits and health risks. [ 1 ] A 2017 umbrella review of meta-analyses found that drinking coffee is generally safe within usual levels of intake and is more likely to improve health outcomes than to cause harm at doses of 3 or 4 cups of coffee daily.
Approximately 8 in 10 people with autism have a mental health problem in their lifetime, in comparison to 1 in 4 of the general population. [125] [126] [127] A 2019 meta-analysis found autistic people to be four times more likely to have depression than non-autistic people, with approximately 40% of autistic adults having depression. [128]
Caffeine-induced anxiety disorder is a subclass of the DSM-5 diagnosis of substance/medication-induced anxiety disorder. [1] Consumption of caffeine has long been linked to anxiety. [2] The effects of caffeine and the symptoms of anxiety both increase activity within the sympathetic nervous system.
A number of clinical studies have shown a positive association between caffeine ingestion and panic disorder and/or anxiogenic effects. [34] [35] People who have panic disorder are more sensitive to the anxiety-provoking effects of caffeine. One of the major anxiety-provoking effects of caffeine is an increase in heart rate. [36] [37] [38] [39]
Caffeine dependence can cause a host of physiological effects if caffeine consumption is not maintained. Withdrawal symptoms may include headaches, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, lack of motivation, mood swings, nausea, insomnia, dizziness, cardiac issues, hypertension, anxiety, backaches, and joint pain; these can range in severity from mild to severe. [18]
People with low caffeine intake have a decreased performance later in the day, compared to moderate and a high-level caffeine intake. Thus the effect of caffeine on short-term memory can differ due to many other factors and thus cannot be instantly generalized. [6]
Caffeine-induced psychosis is a relatively rare phenomenon that can occur in otherwise healthy people. Overuse of caffeine may also worsen psychosis in people suffering from schizophrenia. [1] It is characterized by psychotic symptoms such as delusions, paranoia, and hallucinations.