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The title of Ayatollah (and other Iranian Shi'i titles) has been "cheapened" since then. [1] [15] [5] Roy Mottahedeh describes how the title of ayatollah was determined in the mid to late 20th century. Only the titles 'jurisconsult' and 'model for imitation' (marja' al-taqlid) had fixed meaning. Otherwise titles ... really expressed the ...
Mullah (/ ˈ m ʌ l ə, ˈ m ʊ l ə, ˈ m uː l ə /) is an honorific title for Muslim clergy and mosque leaders. [1] The term is widely used in Iran and Afghanistan and is also used for a person who has higher education in Islamic theology and sharia law .
Molla Ahmad Naraqi (1185-1245 A.H./1771-1829 C.E.) also known as known as “Fauzel Narauqee”, [1] was a Shi'i cleric ("mullah"), who has been called "the first Shi‘i jurisprudent to argue for wilayat al-faqıh al-siyasıyah, [2] or "the divine mandate of the jurisprudent to rule" during the occultation of the Imam.
The term Dāʻī al-Mutlaq (Arabic: الداعي المطلق) literally means "the absolute or unrestricted missionary". In Ismā'īlī Islām, the term dāʻī has been used to refer to important religious leaders other than the hereditary Imāms and the Daʻwa or "Mission" is a clerical-style organization.
The office was established by the Constitution of Iran in 1979, pursuant to Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini's concept of the Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist, [16] and is a lifetime appointment. [17] Originally the constitution required the Supreme Leader to be Marja'-e taqlid, the highest-ranking cleric in the religious laws of Usuli Twelver ...
Islamic religious leaders have traditionally been people who, as part of the clerisy, mosque, or government, performed a prominent role within their community or nation.. However, in the modern contexts of Muslim minorities in non-Muslim countries as well as secularised Muslim states like Turkey, and Bangladesh, the religious leadership may take a variety of non-formal sha
[2] [4] Since around 1940, marja-i taqlids are often referred to by their followers with the honorific title of Ayatollah al-`Uzma (Grand Ayatollah – "ayatollah" meaning "sign of God"). [2] Among the functions of marja-i taqlids is the collection and distribution of religious taxes (zakat and khums). [2] [3]
India Alam-ul-Aalaam Ayatullah Syed Muzaffar Husain Al-Husaini – First Haadi (Supreme Authority) Jamia Jawadia, Banaras (d.1944) [45] India Ayatollah Syed Mohammad Abul Hasan Rizvi Kashmiri – Founder of Sultanul Madaris son of Ayatollah Syed Ali Shah Rizvi Kashmiri [45] India Ayatollah Syed Mohammad Mosawi Ichgami Kashmiri (1910 - 1959) [46]