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Jet fuel is a mixture of a variety of hydrocarbons. Because the exact composition of jet fuel varies widely based on petroleum source, it is impossible to define jet fuel as a ratio of specific hydrocarbons. Jet fuel is therefore defined as a performance specification rather than a chemical compound. [1]
Flight altitude affects engine efficiency. Jet-engine efficiency increases at altitude up to the tropopause, the temperature minimum of the atmosphere; at lower temperatures, the Carnot efficiency is higher. [111] Jet engine efficiency is also increased at high speeds, but above about Mach 0.85 the airframe aerodynamic losses increase faster.
Jet fuel is a gas turbine fuel used in propeller and jet fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters. It has a low viscosity at low temperature, has limited ranges of density and calorific value , burns cleanly, and remains chemically stable when heated to high temperature.
The U.S. has set aspirational goals to produce 3 billion gallons of SAF per year by 2030, with 100% of commercial jet fuel being SAF by 2050. The U.K. hopes 10% of jet fuel will come from ...
The main petroleum component used in blending avgas is alkylate, which is a mixture of various isooctanes. Some refineries also use reformate.All grades of avgas that meet CAN 2–3 [further explanation needed], 25-M82 [further explanation needed] have a density of 6.01 pounds per US gallon (720 g/L) at 15 °C (59 °F).
This imposes limitations on the amount of fuel carried and the order in which fuel must be used. Turbine engines burn fuel faster than reciprocating engines do. Because fuel needs to be injected in to a combustor, the injection system of a turbine aircraft must provide fuel at higher pressure and flow compared to that for a piston engine aircraft.
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An aviation biofuel (also known as bio-jet fuel [89], sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) or bio-aviation fuel (BAF) [90]) is a biofuel used to power aircraft. The International Air Transport Association (IATA) considers it a key element in reducing the environmental impact of aviation. [91]