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'sacred verses'), or shortly the Kural (Tamil: குறள்), is a classic Tamil language text on commoner's morality consisting of 1,330 short couplets, or kurals, of seven words each. [4] The text is divided into three books with aphoristic teachings on virtue ( aram ), wealth ( porul ) and love ( inbam ), respectively.
1686, Polish, the Minsk tafsir, first suras were written in Turkish, but from the 19th and onwards they were written in Polish using the Arabic alphabet, translation by Tatars. 1698, Latin , a third Latin translation from Arabic, extensively annotated, sometimes from a Christian perspective, preceded by a biography of the Prophet and a ...
In his 1969 book, C. Dandapani Desikar cites the work Studies in Tamil Literature, which lists several historical evidences about Valluvar's period: [4] Elaela Singan Chettiyar , historically known as a contemporary and friend of Valluvar, who has been mentioned as Elaela and Alara in Ceylon history , lived between 144 BCE and 101 BCE.
Beschi, the earliest known translator of the Kural text Tamil Wisdom, by Edward Jewitt Robinson, 1873 [1]. The Kural text, considered to have been written in the 1st century BCE, [2] remained unknown to the outside world for close to one and a half millennia.
The Kural remains the most reviewed work of the Tamil literature, with almost every scholar down the ages having written commentaries on it.Of the several hundred commentaries written on the didactic work over the centuries, the commentaries written by a group of ten medieval scholars are considered to have high literary value.
"'Thirukkural', the masterpiece of Tamil literature written by Thiruvalluvar, should be announced as a national book. Thiruvalluvar, one of the greatest authors in Indian history, wrote Thirukkural more than 2000 years ago. The Thirukkural is one of the most revered ancient works in the Tamil language.
Tiruvalluva Malai is a collection of verses said to have been composed by gods, goddesses, and poets of different times, all belonging to the legendary Tamil Sangam at Madurai. [3] [16] A total of 55 poets have composed their encomia in 55 verse in the collection, all written several centuries after the composition of the Kural text. [17]
Veṇpā is a closely related family of very strict [6] Tamil verse forms. They differ chiefly in the number of standard lines that occur before the final short line. In kuṟaḷ-veṇpā (or simply "kural") a single 4-foot ("standard") line is followed by a final 3-foot ("short") line, resulting in a 7-foot couplet. [7]