Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
To do so, most CLIR systems use various translation techniques. CLIR techniques can be classified into different categories based on different translation resources: [2] Dictionary-based CLIR techniques; Parallel corpora based CLIR techniques; Comparable corpora based CLIR techniques; Machine translator based CLIR techniques
According to Lawrence Venuti, every translator should look at the translation process through the prism of culture which refracts the source language cultural norms and it is the translator’s task to convey them, preserving their meaning and their foreignness, to the target-language text. Every step in the translation process—from the ...
In 1981, Peter Newmark referred to translation as either semantic (word-for-word) or communicative (sense-for-sense). [19] He stated that semantic translation is one that is source language bias, literal and faithful to the source text and communicative translation is target language bias, free and idiomatic. [20]
Cultures provide people with ways of thinking—ways of seeing, hearing, and interpreting the world. Thus the same words can mean different things to people from different cultures, even when they speak the "same" language. When the languages are different, and translation has to be used to communicate, the potential for misunderstandings ...
Use this template in the body of an article as a request for other editors to clarify text that is likely to be confusing to readers because it is a non sequitur, especially the introduction of a name, term, or other reference that was not previously mentioned, and the relevance of which is unclear. This most often happens when material is ...
Interlingual machine translation is one of the classic approaches to machine translation. In this approach, the source language, i.e. the text to be translated is transformed into an interlingua, i.e., an abstract language-independent representation. The target language is then generated from the interlingua.
Literal translation, direct translation, or word-for-word translation is the translation of a text done by translating each word separately without analysing how the words are used together in a phrase or sentence. [1] In translation theory, another term for literal translation is metaphrase (as opposed to paraphrase for an analogous translation).
Free, commercial (varies by plan) 3.0: No: 50+ Both rule-based and statistical models developed by IBM Research. Neural machine translation models available through the Watson Language Translator API for developers. [4] [5] Microsoft Translator: Cross-platform (web application) SaaS: No fee required: Final: No: 100+ Statistical and neural ...