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Hyperprolactinaemia (also spelled hyperprolactinemia) is a condition characterized by abnormally high levels of prolactin in the blood. In women, normal prolactin levels average to about 13 ng/mL, while in men, they average 5 ng/mL.
General guidelines for diagnosing prolactin excess (hyperprolactinemia) define the upper threshold of normal prolactin at 25 μg/L for women and 20 μg/L for men. [59] Similarly, guidelines for diagnosing prolactin deficiency (hypoprolactinemia) are defined as prolactin levels below 3 μg/L in women [72] [73] and 5 μg/L in men.
Hypoprolactinemia can result from autoimmune disease, [2] hypopituitarism, [1] growth hormone deficiency, [2] hypothyroidism, [2] excessive dopamine action in the tuberoinfundibular pathway and/or the anterior pituitary, and ingestion of drugs that activate the D 2 receptor, such as direct D 2 receptor agonists like bromocriptine and pergolide, and indirect D 2 receptor activators like ...
Hyperprolactinemia occurs more commonly in women. The prevalence of hyperprolactinemia ranges from 0.4% in an unselected normal adult population (10,000 normal Japanese adults working at a single factory) to as high as 9 to 17% in women with reproductive disorders.
The higher the prolactin level the lower the chance of normalizing serum prolactin. In the best medical centers, surgery corrects prolactin levels in 80% of patients with a serum prolactin less than 250 ng/ml. Even in patients with large tumors that cannot be completely removed, drug therapy may be able to return serum prolactin to the normal ...
The most common complex found in blood consists of prolactin and immunoglobulin G (IgG). [1] While the free prolactin hormone is active, prolactin in the macroprolactin complex does not have any biological activity in the body and is considered benign. [2] However, macroprolactin is detected by all Laboratory tests that measure prolactin in ...
Testosterone Levels By Age. Around the age of 35, men's testosterone levels begin to decline more rapidly. Average Testosterone Levels By Age. The average male who reaches 70 years old will have ...
A prolactin cell (also known as a lactotropic cell, epsilon acidophil, lactotrope, lactotroph, mammatroph, mammotroph) is a cell in the anterior pituitary which produces prolactin (a peptide hormone) in response to hormonal signals including dopamine (which is inhibitory), thyrotropin-releasing hormone and estrogen (especially during pregnancy), which are stimulatory.