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Molybdenum nitrogenase, which can be found in diazotrophs such as legume-associated rhizobia, [11] [12] is the nitrogenase that has been studied the most extensively and thus is the most well characterized. [10] Vanadium nitrogenase and iron-only nitrogenase can both be found in select species of Azotobacter as an alternative nitrogenase.
FeMoco (FeMo cofactor) is the primary cofactor of nitrogenase. Nitrogenase is the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen molecules N 2 into ammonia (NH 3) through the process known as nitrogen fixation. Because it contains iron and molybdenum, the cofactor is called FeMoco. Its stoichiometry is Fe 7 MoS 9 C.
The nif genes are genes encoding enzymes involved in the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen into a form of nitrogen available to living organisms. The primary enzyme encoded by the nif genes is the nitrogenase complex which is in charge of converting atmospheric nitrogen (N 2) to other nitrogen forms such as ammonia which the organism can use for various purposes.
Nitrogenase is thought to have evolved sometime between 1.5-2.2 billion years ago (Ga), [38] [39] although some isotopic support showing nitrogenase evolution as early as around 3.2 Ga. [40] Nitrogenase appears to have evolved from maturase-like proteins, although the function of the preceding protein is currently unknown.
Molecular neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that observes concepts in molecular biology applied to the nervous systems of animals. The scope of this subject covers topics such as molecular neuroanatomy, mechanisms of molecular signaling in the nervous system, the effects of genetics and epigenetics on neuronal development, and the molecular basis for neuroplasticity and ...
They fix nitrogen from dinitrogen (N 2) in the air using the enzyme nitrogenase, in order to provide the cells in the filament with nitrogen for biosynthesis. [2] Nitrogenase is inactivated by oxygen, so the heterocyst must create a microanaerobic environment. The heterocysts' unique structure and physiology require a global change in gene ...
[1] [2] It encompasses the branch of biology [3] that deals with the anatomy, biochemistry, molecular biology, and physiology of neurons and neural circuits. It also encompasses cognition, and human behavior. [2] Neuroscience has multiple concepts that each relate to learning abilities and memory functions.
The active site of these enzymes is a molybdenum ion that is bound to the four thiolate functional groups of two pterin molecules. The coordination sphere of the molybdenum ion is completed by one amino-acid side chain and oxygen and/or sulfur ligands. In Nap, the molybdenum is covalently attached to the protein by a cysteine side chain, and an ...