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An example of 19th-century Westernization of Japanese society: ballroom dancing at the Rokumeikan, Tokyo, 1888 In Japan , the Netherlands continued to play a key role in transmitting Western know-how to the Japanese from the 17th century to the mid-19th century, because the Japanese had only opened their doors to Dutch merchants before US Navy ...
The examples and perspective in this section may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. The specific issue is: missing information on non-Western examples, e.g. Tibet, Ottomans, Imperial Japan. You may improve this section, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new section, as appropriate.
Eurocentrism (also Eurocentricity or Western-centrism) [1] refers to viewing the West as the center of world events or superior to all other cultures. The exact scope of Eurocentrism varies from the entire Western world to just the continent of Europe or even more narrowly, to Western Europe (especially during the Cold War).
For example, in "Political Issues in Today's China", Chen Duxiu compared China's authoritarian politics, gods, kings, alchemy, spells, fortune telling, divination, etc. with Western civil rights, rule of law, equality, science, and health, indicating that China should not be conservative but should learn from Western innovation.
Occidentalism refers to a discipline that discusses the Western world (the Occident).In this context the West becomes the object, while the East is the subject. The West in the context of Occidentalism does not refer to the West in a geographical sense, but to culture or custom, especially covering the fields of thought, philosophy, sociology, anthropology, history, religion, colonialism, war ...
A constant theme of debate around Western values has been around their universal applicability or lack thereof; in modern times, as various non-Western nations have risen, they have sought to oppose certain Western values, with even Western countries also backing down to some extent from championing its own values in what some see as a contested transition to a post-Western era of the world.
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Non-Western countries can attempt to achieve isolation in order to preserve their own values and protect themselves from Western invasion. However, Huntington argues that the costs of this action are high and only a few states can pursue it. According to the theory of "band-wagoning", non-Western countries can join and accept Western values ...