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In the late 19th century, scientists first argued that human emissions of greenhouse gases could change Earth's energy balance and climate. The existence of the greenhouse effect, while not named as such, was proposed as early as 1824 by Joseph Fourier. [2] The argument and the evidence were further strengthened by Claude Pouillet in 1827 and 1838.
A "greenhouse Earth" is a period during which no continental glaciers exist anywhere on the planet. [6] Additionally, the levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases (such as water vapor and methane) are high, and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) range from 28 °C (82.4 °F) in the tropics to 0 °C (32 °F) in the polar regions. [7]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 24 January 2025. Gas in an atmosphere with certain absorption characteristics This article is about the physical properties of greenhouse gases. For how human activities are adding to greenhouse gases, see Greenhouse gas emissions. Greenhouse gases trap some of the heat that results when sunlight heats ...
During the event large amounts of methane was released, a potent greenhouse gas. [123] The PETM represents a "case study" for modern climate change as in the greenhouse gases were released in a geologically relatively short amount of time. [121] During the PETM, a mass extinction of organisms in the deep ocean took place. [124]
Human activity since the Industrial Revolution (about 1750), mainly extracting and burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas), has increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, resulting in a radiative imbalance. Over the past 150 years human activities have released increasing quantities of greenhouse gases into the ...
History of climate change science#Discredited theories and reconciled apparent discrepancies Climate change denial#Discussing specific aspects of climate change science Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change#Challenges and controversies (the IPCC assessment reports, like the most recent IPCC Sixth Assessment Report summarise the state of the ...
The greenhouse effect is a reduction in the flux of outgoing longwave radiation, which affects the planet's radiative balance. The spectrum of outgoing radiation shows the effects of different greenhouse gases. The Earth and its atmosphere emit longwave radiation, also known as thermal infrared or terrestrial radiation.
4, which is a powerful greenhouse gas and was produced by early forms of life known as methanogens. Scientists continue to research how the Earth was warmed before life arose. [14] An atmosphere of N 2 and CO 2 with trace amounts of H 2 O, CH 4, carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen (H 2) is described as a weakly reducing atmosphere. [15]